⁣When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1990, Cuba's economy went into a tailspin. With imports of oil cut by more than half – and food by 80 percent – people were desperate. This film tells of the hardships and struggles as well as the community and creativity of the Cuban people during this difficult time. Cubans share how they transitioned from a highly mechanized, industrial agricultural system to one using organic methods of farming and local, urban gardens. It is an unusual look into the Cuban culture during this economic crisis, which they call "The Special Period." The film opens with a short history of Peak Oil, a term for the time in our history when world oil production will reach its all-time peak and begin to decline forever. Cuba, the only country that has faced such a crisis – the massive reduction of fossil fuels – is an example of options and hope.


www.powerofcommunity.org

Sustainable Land Management: Integrated Crop-Livestock Management, Pastoralism & RangelandBusiness Skills: Conflict Resolution, Group Formation & CohesionOther: Climate Change AdaptationLivestock: Cattle, Extensive Pastoralism, Sheep, Goats.

⁣Kilimo na Biashara | Mint Farming Kenya - 23 Apr 2021

⁣Who profits from drugs | Frontline 1989

A report on the threat of biological weapons, how the Soviet Union secretly amassed an arsenal of such weapons, and how U.S. officials and scientists are racing to find a defense against their use.

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Following the Spanish-American War, the United States foreign policy, under the influence of the Monroe Doctrine, intervened in several countries in Central America and the Caribbean. The United States Marine Corps was usually the military arm of these involvements as was the case in Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

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Bauduy, Jennifer, “The 1915 U.S. Invasion of Haiti: Examining a Treaty of Occupation” Social Education 79 (2015)

Castor, Suzy & Garafola, Lynn, “The American Occupation of Haiti (1915-34) and the Dominican Republic (1916-24)” The Massachusetts Review, Vol. 15, No. 1/2, Caliban (Winter - Spring, 1974)

Gilderhus, Mark T, The Second Century: U.S.-Latin American Relations Since 1889, (Wilmington, Delaware : Scholarly Resources Inc, 2000)

Johnson, Jeannie L. The Marines, Counterinsurgency, and Strategic Culture: Lessons Learned and Lost in America's Wars, (Washington D.C. : Georgetown University Press, 2018)

Langley, Lester D, The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898-1934, (Wilmington, Delaware : Scholarly Resources Inc, 2002)

Langley, Lester D, The United States and the Caribbean, 1900-1970, (Athens, Georgia : University of Georgia Press, 1980)

Perez, Louis A., Jr. Intervention, Revolution, and Politics in Cuba, 1913-1921, (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009)

Posner, Walter H. “American Marines in Haiti, 1915-1922” The Americas, Vol. 20, No. 3 (Jan., 1964)

Schreadley, R. L. Intervention! : the Americans in Haiti, 1915-1934, (Charleston, South Carolina : Evening Post Books, 2017)

Yates, Lawrence A, “The US Military’s Experience in Stability Operations, 1789-2005”, Global War on Terrorism Occasional Paper 15, Title 1, Series 2, (2006)


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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
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The Somali Dervish movement was a thorn in the British colonial side for 20 years starting at the beginning of the 20th century. The leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan was able to resist military expeditions and establish his own proto-state in the region.

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» SOURCES
Berhe, Simona. “Colonies (Italy) (Version 1.1)” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2020-11-17.

Bosworth, Richard and Giuseppe Finaldi. “The Italian Empire,” in Empires at War 1911-1923, Robert Gerwarth and Ertez Manela, eds. (OUP, 2014): 34-52.

Chester Courant and Advertiser for North Wales. “Somalia Battle.” January 20, 1904.
Hess, Robert L. “The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia,” in The Journal of African History,
Vol. 5, No. 3 (1964): 415-433.

Jardine, Douglas. “The Mad Mullah of Somaliland” (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1923).

Sheikh-Abdi, Abdi. “Divine Madness: Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, 1856–1920” (London: Zed Books, 1992).

Zollmann, Jakob. „Ethiopia“ in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2020-08-26


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16 DAYS IN BERLIN: https://realtimehistory.net/pages/16-days-in-berlin

»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
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US involvement in Central America dated back to the first attempt to build the Panama Canal. And in accordance to the Monroe Doctrine was expanded in the 20th century too. US Marines took part in expeditions in Guatemala, Nicaragua and US naval power was a factor in many disputes like the Coto War between Costa Rica and Panama. With the rise of the United Fruit Company, the US domestic market also influenced decisions in the region.

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» SOURCES
Butler, Smedley, War is a Racket: The Antiwar Classic by America's Most Decorated Soldier, (Los Angeles, CA : Feral House, 2003)

Chapman, Peter, Bananas: How the United Fruit Company Shaped the World, (Edinburgh : Canongate, 2007)

Colby, Elbridge, “The United States and the Coto Dispute between Panama and Costa Rica”, The Journal of International Relations, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Jan., 1922)

De La Pedraja Tomán, René, Wars of Latin America, 1899-1941, (Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., 2006)

Gilderhus, Mark T, The Second Century: U.S.- Latin American Relations Since 1889, (Wilmington, Delaware : Scholarly Resources Inc, 2000)

Harrison, Benjamin, “The United States and the 1909 Nicaragua Revolution”, Caribbean Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 3/4 (September-December 1995)

Langley, Lester D, The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898-1934, (Wilmington, Delaware : Scholarly Resources Inc, 2002)

Leonard, Thomas M. “Search for Security: The United States and Central America in the Twentieth Century”, The Americas, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Apr., 1991)

Moberg, Mark & Striffler, Steve (eds.), Banana Wars: Power, Production and History in the Americas, (Durham, NC : Duke University Press, 2003)

Mobley, Scott, ““By the Force of Our Arms” William D. Leahy and the U.S. Intervention in Nicaragua, 1912”, Federal History, (2019)

Panama Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Controversia de Limites Entre Panama y Costa Rica, Tomo II, (Panama : Imprenta Nacional, 1921)

Schoultz, Lars, Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University, 2003)


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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
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Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: José Gàmez
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
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Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Yves Thimian

Contains licensed material by getty images
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OKRA is a staple in African cuisines. It is popular in African, Indian and Caribbean cuisines and is popularly used as a thickening agent in stews. It is a good source of Fibre, Iron and Vitamins A and C.


In this video, we prepare a popular South Sudanese dish commonly known as Bamia Tabikh Ma' Laham. This meat dish uses okra as one of its main ingredients and is seasoned with tomatoes, onions, hot peppers and a blend of rich spices. There are many versions of this dish across Africa and it's so popular that it is served almost daily in South Sudanese households.


I use vegetables grown at Ubuntu Farm & Gardens to complement the stew.



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𝙏𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙠 𝙔𝙤𝙪 𝙁𝙤𝙧 𝙒𝙖𝙩𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜!
In this video, I take you on a mini tour on our South Sudan Farm.

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