"There is a new scramble for Africa" - Prof PLO Lumumba observed at a panel discussion on 'foreign interference in Africa, the enduring destabilising factor', during the 10th National Security Symposium jointly organized by the Rwanda Defense Force Command and Staff College and the University of Rwanda.

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In this episode, we consider the idea, feeling, and practice of love. But love as a concept is too embattled, as a feeling too limiting, and as a practice inadequate. Then there is the concept of ɔdɔ, which pokes at deep connection. It is one thing for a person to love the idea of you and what you can do for them; it is quite another for that person to love you for who you really and truly are. How do we know the difference and what do we do with that distinction? Stay tuned.

Discussion on the Unspoken daily psychological assault

Ashra Kwesi responds to Prof Walter Williams claims on Ancient Egypt (Kemet) as aired on part 3 of this 4 part series.


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Between the 9th and 11th centuries, the kingdom of Ghana was so rich that its dogs wore golden collars, and its horses, which were adorned with silken rope halters, slept on plush carpets. Based on animal luxuries alone, it is no wonder that foreigners touted Ghana's kings as the richest men in the world.

Artifact - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.

Chapters
0:00 Kingdom of Ghana
0:39 Gold in Wagadugu
1:28 Ghanaian Politics
3:16 Trans-Saharan Trade

The Empire of Wagadu (Ouagadou), more commonly known as the Ghana Empire, was a powerful state in the Medieval Sahel of West Africa, and one of the earliest in written record. With origins in antiquity and a reputation for wealth and glory in contemporary sources, it has long been an icon of Black history, though today it tends to be overshadowed by the later Mali Empire.

This video is part of Untold Black History, a collaboration organized by Jabari from From Nothing with the intention of shedding light on the history of Africans and the African diaspora. Check out the full playlist here:
https://youtube.com/playlist?l....ist=PLivC9TMdGnL93RM

Special thanks to@schrodingersmoose for providing the voice of al-Bakri, @KenKwameWrites for providing the voice of al-Zūhri, and @MostlyMiSinging for providing the collaboration theme!

Maps based on this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOexUoPc6YU

Sources:
Bennison, Amira K. “The Almoravids: Striving in the Path of God.” In The Almoravid and Almohad Empires, 24–61. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvhrczbp.8.

Burkhalter, Sheryl L. “Listening for Silences in Almoravid History: Another Reading of ‘The Conquest That Never Was.’” History in Africa 19 (1992): 103–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/3171996.

Conrad, David, and Humphrey Fisher. “The Conquest That Never Was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076. I. The External Arabic Sources.” History in Africa 9 (1982): 21–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/3171598.

D'Andrea, A.C., Casey, J. Pearl Millet and Kintampo Subsistence. African Archaeological Review 19, 147–173 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016518919072

Ehret, Christopher. The Civilizations of Africa a History to 1800. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2016.

Gomez, Michael. African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019.

Hopkins, J.F.P, and Nehemia Levtzion. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge , England: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Kevin McDonald, Robert Vernet, Dorian Fuller and James Woodhouse, "New Light on the Tichitt Tradition" A Preliminary Report on Survey and Excavation at Dhar Nema," pp. 78–80.

Mauny, Raymond. “Campagne De Fouilles à Koumbi Saleh .” Bibliotheque Numerique sur la Mauritanie, 1951. https://web.archive.org/web/20....110726200810/http://

Mauny, R. A. “The Question of Ghana.” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 24, no. 3 (1954): 200–213. https://doi.org/10.2307/1156424.

McDougall, E. Ann. Review of Research in Saharan History, by James L. A. Webb Jr. The Journal of African History 39, no. 3 (1998): 467–80. http://www.jstor.org/stable/183363.

McIntosh, Susan Keech. “A Reconsideration of Wangara/Palolus, Island of Gold.” The Journal of African History 22, no. 2 (1981): 145–58. doi:10.1017/S002185370001937X.

Munson, Patrick J. “Archaeology and the Prehistoric Origins of the Ghana Empire.” The Journal of African History 21, no. 4 (1980): 457–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/182004.

“State Building in Ancient West Africa: From the Tichitt Neolithic Civilization to the Empire of Ghana (2,200BC-1250AD.).” State building in ancient west Africa: from the Tichitt Neolithic civilization to the empire of Ghana (2,200BC-1250AD). African History Extra, March 27, 2022. https://isaacsamuel.substack.c....om/p/state-building-

00:00 Introduction
01:01 The Basics of Wagadu
01:55 The Sahel
03:13 The Salt-Gold Trade
05:15 Government in Wagadu
06:52 The Capital
09:21 Archaeology
11:55 Religion
14:55 Islam in Wagadu
17:06 The Almoravids
21:14 Decline and Fall
22:53 Conclusion

Twitter: https://twitter.com/somas_academy

The Mali Empire was one of the largest and most prosperous empires in Africa, reaching its peak under the rule of Mansa Musa in the 14th century. However, after Mansa Musa's death, the empire began to decline. This decline was due to a number of factors, including succession crises, civil war, and the rise of the Songhai Kingdom.

In this video, we will explore the factors that led to the fall of the Mali Empire. We will discuss the succession crises that followed Mansa Musa's death, the civil wars that broke out within the empire, and the rise of the Songhai Kingdom. We will also discuss the legacy of the Mali Empire and its impact on the world.

This video is a must-watch for anyone interested in African history. It provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that led to the fall of one of the greatest empires in African history.