Where do we get our mathematical symbols from? Why is the set of integers called ℤ ? When was the equals sign first used? How about zero? Good notation tends to catch on quickly, whereas bad notation can obscure beautiful theory.

The lecture explores how the introduction of new notation has paved the way for new leaps in understanding, and considers some mathematical quirks of language, such as what the number 4 in English has in common with the number 11 in Russian.

A lecture by Sarah Hart

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/maths

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 2,000 lectures free to access or download from the website.

Website: https://gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: https://twitter.com/greshamcollege
Facebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollege
Instagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollege

Black holes may hold the key to understanding the most fundamental truths of the universe, but how do you see something that’s, well, black? Astronomers think they have the answer. Thanks to a global array of radio telescopes that turn the Earth into a giant receiver, we may soon have the first picture of the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. And, with the power of math, scientists are going even further, using equations to “look” inside black holes, peering at the central singularity where general relativity and quantum mechanics collide. Join Brian Greene and other leading physicists and astronomers on a journey to make darkness visible.

Find out more about the program and the participants: https://www.worldsciencefestiv....al.com/programs/dark

MODERATOR: Brian Greene
PARTICIPANTS: Shep Doeleman, Andrea Ghez, Vicky Kalogera, Cumrun Vafa

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The Big Ideas Series is supported in part by the John Templeton Foundation.

Filmed live at the 2018 World Science Festival

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Robbert Dijkgraaf, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
March 5th, 2014

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Mathematics has proven to be "unreasonably effective" in understanding nature. The fundamental laws of physics can be captured in beautiful formulae. In this lecture I want to argue for the reverse effect: Nature is an important source of inspiration for mathematics, even of the purest kind. In recent years ideas from quantum field theory, elementary particles physics and string theory have completely transformed mathematics, leading to solutions of deep problems, suggesting new invariants in geometry and topology, and, perhaps most importantly, putting modern mathematical ideas in a `natural’ context.
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visit Perimeter Institute's website to find this and other speakers

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/video-library

http://pirsa.org/

You exist. You shouldn’t. Stars and galaxies and planets exist. They shouldn’t. The nascent universe contained equal parts matter and antimatter that should have instantly obliterated each other, turning the Big Bang into the Big Fizzle. And yet, here we are: flesh, blood, stars, moons, sky. Why? Come join us as we dive deep down the rabbit hole of solving the mystery of the missing antimatter.

MODERATOR: Brian Greene

PARTICIPANTS: Marcela Carena, Janet Conrad, Michael Doser, Hitoshi Murayama, Neil Turok

OPENING FILM: Animation by Eoin Duffy of Studio Belly, written by Justin Weinstein and Brian Greene

MORE ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestiv....al.com/programs/matt

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series which is supported in part by the John Templeton Foundation.

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TOPICS:

- The Discovery of Antimatter opening film 00:00

- Brian Greene Introduction 04:00

- Participant Introductions 04:54

- What led Paul Dirac to his thinking? 07:25

- Can we create Antimatter? 22:25

- How does the universe create matter and antimatter and yet there is still matter left around us? 29:42

- Using Neutrinos to detect Antimatter 44:55

- The difference in Neutrinos compared to Antimatter 56:30

- Searching for hints of how to prove the Grand Unified theory 01:10:10

- Drowning in theories 01:22:00

- The applications for Antimatter 01:33:01

Filmed live at the 2018 World Science festival.

Probability is the examination of uncertain processes, but it's useful for far more than games of chance: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/proba

The modern theory of probability is considered to have begun in 1654 with an exchange of letters between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, and has developed since then into the discipline which examines uncertain processes. For example, although on tossing a coin you have no idea whether you will obtain heads or tails we know that if you keep doing it then in the long run it is very likely that the proportion of heads will be close to a half. The lecture will discuss this and other examples of random processes e.g. random walks and Brownian motion.

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/proba

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 1,500 lectures free to access or download from the website.
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollege

Forget what you think you know about dark matter. After a 30-year search for a single, as yet unidentified, species of dark matter particle that would make up some 25% of the mass of the universe, physicists are starting to consider novel explanations. Some envision invisible matter hiding within the folds of extra spatial dimensions. Others suggest not one kind of dark matter particle, but numerous species inhabiting a shadow universe. Others still conjecture that dark matter doesn’t exist, and instead propose that the laws of gravity need modification. We’ll bring together leading thinkers on dark matter—the revolutionary and conventional alike—for a distinctly unconventional discussion on the dark universe.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF.
Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
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Follow us on twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest

Original Program Date: June 2, 2016
MODERATOR: John Hockenberry
PARTICIPANTS: Katherine Freese, Justin Khoury, Stacy McGaugh, Neal Weiner, Lisa Randall

The discovery of Dark Matter 00:00

John Hockenberry introduction 3:50

Participant Introductions 8:10

What is dark matter? 9:59

Lets talk about WIMPs 15:15

How do we detect dark matter? 17:45

The standard model looks incomplete 28:46

So you want to take apart Newton and Einstein? 37:49

What role did dark matter play in the early universe? 48:00

Can dark matter be a super fluid? 55:15

Will we understand dark matter better if we know about its origins? 1:02:28

What is the headline for the next big dark matter discovery? 1:07:46

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