#FixTheCountry Demonstration: Thousands of Ghanaians show up for protest against failing state systems - Joy News Prime (4-8-21)

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Residents of Okornya community 'forced' to live with 'mountain of rubbish.

Africa is a continent where borders can get pretty complicated. The main reason for this is the colonial era where European nations divided the continent into spheres of influence by literally drawing the national borders as guided by their interests leaving some countries with peculiar national borders.

That’s why you will find some countries with clearly defined shapes while others not so much. Today we zoom in on some of Africa’s most egregious examples of border weirdness.

Ethiopia is constructing a $4.8 billion dam along the Nile River that has Egypt angry. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, or GERD, will have a capacity of 6.45 GW, doubling the country’s power capacity. It will provide electricity to 60% of Ethiopian households and create a massive reservoir for tourism and the fishing industry. However, the project poses a threat to Egypt, who relies heavily on the Nile River. This has led to tensions between the nations and a political battle over the river.

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Information
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53573154
https://www.reuters.com/articl....e/us-ethiopia-dam-fa
https://www.hydropower.org/cas....e-studies/ethiopia-g
https://www.power-technology.c....om/projects/the-gran
https://www.middleeasteye.net/....news/grand-ethiopia-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Grand_Ethiopian_Rena
https://www.brookings.edu/blog..../africa-in-focus/202

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Mine- At 14,000 feet, in the remote jungles of New Guinea is the largest gold and copper deposit in the world. Getting to that deposit and building a profitable mine was one of the biggest engineering challenges ever. In 1975 an American mining company took up the challenge and using the most sophisticated technology available, conquered the jungle and built the Grasberg Mine!

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Africa's Largest Dam: Geopolitics of the Nile

The dam is at the center of Ethiopia’s bid to become Africa’s biggest power exporter. Economic growth in Ethiopia, which is Africa’s second-most populous nation, has been stifled by a lack of electricity. Industry revenues are decimated by the nightmare of daily, unpredictable power cuts. The dam’s power will also help with similar problems in Sudan, Kenya and Djibouti, all of which are connected to Ethiopia’s grid and will begin importing power from it in the coming years. Long but futile negotiations over the years have left Egypt and Ethiopia and their neighbor Sudan short of an agreement to regulate how Ethiopia will operate the dam and fill its reservoir.

Egypt, which is Africa’s third-most populous nation, relies on the Nile for more than 90% of its fresh water supplies and wants a legally binding treaty on how Ethiopia can use the Blue Nile’s waters. With the construction of the Dam (GERD) underway, a complex trans boundary water situation is at hand: the GERD is nearing completion, with no specific agreement yet on water sharing or reservoir operations. The dam can capture more than the average annual flow and can thus dramatically change the river’s flow. Although most Nile waters originate in Ethiopia, nearly all use occurs downstream in Egypt and Sudan. Egypt, fearing major disruptions to its access to the Nile’s waters, originally intended to prevent even the start of the GERD’s construction. In fact, Egypt has called the filling of the dam an existential threat. At this point, though, the GERD is nearly completed, and so Egypt has shifted its position to trying to secure a political agreement over the timetable for filling the GERD’s reservoir and how the dam will be managed, particularly during droughts. Thus the Geopolitics of the Nile has been a hot topic.

Sudan is caught between the competing interests of Egypt and Ethiopia. Although Khartoum initially opposed the construction of the GERD, it has since warmed up to it, citing its potential to improve prospects for domestic development. Nevertheless, Khartoum continues to fear that the operation of the GERD could threaten the safety of Sudan’s own dams and make it much more difficult for the government to manage its own development projects.

The partitioning of Africa by European empires has had decades of devastating social, economic and political impacts, and millions of lives have been lost in post-independence Africa defending what are actually colonial borders. We are overdue for an African renaissance, completing the decolonisation process– which remains as unfinished business until boundaries are changed.

Africans and others have proposed many new maps of Africa. One recurring idea is to redraw its borders into smaller states on the basis of ethnicity or its proxies, like shared language.

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In this edition, at least 30 jihadists have been killed by #Rwandan forces who were deployed to #Mozambique. Rwanda is just one of several countries that sent troops to the country after a recent uptick in activity by Shabaab Islamist militants. Also, Tunisia has received foreign aid to help battle #Covid-19. This as hospitals are overwhelmed and running out of oxygen. And, France 24 speaks to Christine Amisi, one of Africa's top doctors in the efforts to help rape survivors.

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The Pacific island chain of Bougainville has begun voting in a long-awaited referendum on independence from Papua New Guinea (PNG).
More than 1,000 people waited on Saturday morning to cast their ballots at one polling station in the main city of Buka, as others formed makeshift choirs that stomped through the streets, waving independence flags, blowing bamboo pipes and chanting in chorus.
About 207,000 Bougainvilleans are registered to vote and decide whether the Melanesian isles will become the world's newest country. Their choice is between full independence or greater autonomy within PNG.

Al Jazeera's Nicola Gage reports from Port Moresby.

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Speakers:
Pelagio Doutel - TAPOL
Sam Awom - Papuan People’s Petition (PRP)
Alexander Nekenem - West Papua National Committee (KNPB)
Veronica Koman - Victor Yeimo’s Counsel
Papuan Students Alliance (AMP)
Surya Anta - Indonesian People’s Front for West Papua (FRI-WP)
Filep Karma - Ex-Political Prisoner
Christine Holike - Watch Indonesia!
Josef Benedict - CIVICUS
Usman Hamid - Amnesty International Indonesia