How much African ancestry does one have to have in order to be considered black and what percentage has to meet this criteria in order to be considered a black nation? Millions of Africans have been emigrating to Europe and the Americas in increasing numbers, constituting new African diaspora communities not directly connected with the slave trade. Other sources show that Africans had been present in Asia, Europe and even the Americas long before Christopher Columbus' travels.

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On March 7, 2004, Zimbabwean authorities arrested about seventy men at the Harare International airport for illegal arms trafficking and immigration violations.

It soon came to the surface that these men in question were mercenaries that were on their way to Malabo, the capital of Equatorial Guinea to overthrow the long time leader of the country, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.

These mercenaries had been organised by mainly British Financiers including Mark Thatcher, the son of the former UK Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.

The leader of this group was Simon Mann , a former partner in the defunct private military firm Executive Outcomes. As their cover story, Simon Mann claimed that they were picking up weapons for a security job at a mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

A day later, fifteen more men were arrested in Equatorial Guinea and they were linked to the group that had been arrested in Harare, Zimbabwe. After about two weeks, the conspirators in each country signed confessions admitting that they were headed to Equatorial Guinea to stage this infamous coup, known as the Wonga Coup. With Wonga being British slang for money.

In this Episode of African Biographics, we look at the perpetrators of the coup, as well as an account of this audacious, ,yet error-prone 2004 coup attempt against The President of Equatorial Guinea by these mercenaries.

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Sources:

https://www.amazon.com/Wonga-C....oup-Ruthless-Determi

https://jbcrocket.medium.com/w....hen-margaret-thatche

https://www.csis.org/analysis/....wonga-coup-transpare

https://edition.cnn.com/2009/W....ORLD/africa/11/03/gu

https://www.theafricareport.co....m/7355/simon-mann-a-

https://www.csmonitor.com/Worl....d/Global-News/2009/1

https://www.aljazeera.com/news..../2011/10/28/uk-merce (video)

https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Simon_Mann

https://www.google.com/amp/s/m....obile.reuters.com/ar

https://www.google.com/amp/s/w....ww.aljazeera.com/amp

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3597450.stm

http://www.raceandhistory.com/....selfnews/viewnews.cg

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13317174


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Afristory Productions Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w34L4Qu2Deg&t=714s

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Music:

Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100183
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Whimsy Groove Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Feel free to reach out to us at africanbiographics@gmail.com

http://www.weforum.org/

How can Africa's leaders persuade terrorists to put down their weapons and mitigate spillover effects?

Dimensions to be addressed:
- Integrating internally displaced persons
- Defusing the drivers of terrorism
- Fostering local, regional and international cooperation

•Hafsat Abiola-Costello, Special Adviser and Member of the State Cabinet, Ogun State Government, Nigeria; Young Global Leader; Global Agenda Council on Fragility, Violence & Conflict.
•Abdirahman Yusuf Ali Aynte, Minister of Planning and International Cooperation of Somalia.
•Erastus J. O. Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson, African Union, Addis Ababa; Global Agenda Council on the Future of Regional Organizations.
•Kennedy Odede, President, Chief Executive Officer and Founder, Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO), USA; Young Global Leader.
•Anton du Plessis, Managing Director, Institute for Security Studies (ISS), South Africa; Young Global Leader; Global Agenda Council on Fragility, Violence & Conflict.

Moderated by Bobby Ghosh, Managing Editor, Quartz - Atlantic Media, USA.

Among the thousands of hunters enlisted by the Nigerian army to track and capture Boko Haram fighters, one stands out from the crowd.

Aisha Bakari Gombi towers over her band of hunters, one of the few women who has joined the fight against one of the deadliest armed groups in Africa.

With her shotgun slung over her shoulder, she ventures into the scrub of Borno, the northeastern province of Nigeria long plagued by Boko Haram attacks, hunting down their fighters.

Her bravery and keen hunting abilities have earned her the title of 'Queen Hunter'.

Government troops are quick to call on Aisha for her skills but slow to reward her efforts financially.

While she is unable to liberate many more captives held by Boko Haram due to a lack of resources, she will never stop trying.

Dive into the multiple worlds of Aisha, a commander, a hunter and a wife.

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When Moammar Gadhafi’s regime collapsed in 2011, Libya was left leaderless. In the ensuing years, rebel militias have battled one another for control of the country in a series of deadly bombings and shootouts. With fighting unavoidable and no end in sight, Libyan civilians are picking up AK-47s and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) to protect their families from the militias.
Of course, they don't have to look far. Libya’s parliament estimates that 15 million weapons—many left over from Gadhafi’s massive caches—are circulating within the country. That’s two and a half weapons per person. Times being what they are, many use social media to source their household arms. Since the beginning of the year, Vocativ has been monitoring Facebook and other online activity in Libya to track this phenomenon. What we discovered was a virtual arms market, complete with dealers claiming to live in Tripoli, advertised prices and hagglers in the comment section.

In a video report from on the ground in Tripoli, Vocativ producer Lindsay Snell meets with an arms dealer who refers to himself as “Batsha.” Squatting over his collection of ammunition and firearms, Batsha selects a weapon and demonstrates how to load it. “This is a Kalashkinov. It is the most popular weapon in Libya. It costs $1,200,” he says as he cocks the rifle. After rattling off a list of the other guns and missiles up for sale (their prices range from $800 to $5,000), he says, “Everyone in Libya is armed. Everyone has a weapon.”

After speaking with a handful of civilians during our visit to Tripoli, Batsha’s claim that virtually all of Libya packs heat checks out. “Everyone has to be armed. We don’t trust the militias, we don’t trust the government, we don’t trust anyone,” says university student Ahmed Klisel, AK-47 in hand. "It’s really easy to obtain weapons in Libya. An AK-47 is a necessity in every household. More households have more than one. Or they have an AK-47 and a few pistols, handguns.”

And it’s not just men who carry weapons. Fidgeting with a small handgun, single mother Hind Ahmed Benghagab says, “We never thought we would see the day where Libyan women would need guns.”

With the massive surplus of military-grade weapons and the ease of purchase, deadly armaments often wind up in the wrong hands. According to a recent U.N. report, violent militant groups from Boko Haram in Nigeria to jihadis in Syria have obtained guns and other arms from Libya. While strife and chaos is Gadhafi's endowment to the nation he ruled with an iron fist, it's the second lives of the weapons he amassed and left behind that may be his lasting and violent global legacy.

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The continent of Africa has had it’s fair share of mercenaries who are hired by different parties to help with either effecting regime change or for purposes of protecting countries from insurgent forces.

One of the most popular of these was a man called Bob Denard who became legendary for his role in attempting to overthrow regimes in a series of wars that accompanied the decolonisation of Africa, during the 1960s and 1970s

Claiming to have support from France for operations meant to retain French influence in its former colonies, Bob called himself the “Pirate of the Republic” in a career which began in Congo and ended in the Comoros islands.

Bob Denard was involved in four of the 19 coup attempts that have shaken the Comoros archipelago since the islands won independence from France in 1975. At one point he was considered as the de facto leader of the Comoros.

Many Comorians blamed him for destabilising the islands, as well as other parts of Africa.
In this episode of African Biographics, we look at the illustrious career of Robert Denard, a career mercenary who played a part in charting the course of history in a few African countries.

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Sources:

The Mercenary Position, Howard French, Transition, No. 73 (1997), pp. 110-121 (12 pages), Published By: Indiana University Press

https://nationalinterest.org/b....log/buzz/one-man%E2%

https://www.google.com/amp/s/a....mp.theguardian.com/n

https://apnews.com/article/613....41e6567bac4d21383431

https://link.springer.com/chap....ter/10.1007/978-1-34

https://www.cairn-int.info/art....icle-E_VIN_141_0143-

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7044019.stm

https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueReddit/comments/6b0jvu/one_man_private_army_story_of_french_mercenary/utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share

https://en.topwar.ru/172246-bo....b-denar-korol-naemni

https://www.youngpioneertours.....com/dprk-thwarted-co

https://www.blackpast.org/glob....al-african-history/c

https://www.britannica.com/place/Comoros

https://www.csmonitor.com/Worl....d/Global-News/2009/1

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Music:

Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100564
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Emmit Fenn | Allégro - YouTube

Lullaby - Cooper Canell

Night Snow - Asher Fulero

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#BobDenard #Mercenaries #Africa

The best of PLO Lumumba on Africa's leaders.

What is Wrong With Nigeria | Part 2 | Pan African Talks | Nigerian Problems Today |

Dr Bunmi Oyinsan talks further about the problems Nigeria is facing today.
Find out in this video to know what ails the country.

#NigerianProblems #NigerianHistory #AfricanSeries

What is Wrong With Nigeria? Dele Farotimi Explains | Part 1 | Sankofa Pan African Series


Why is Nigeria the way it is today? What are the major causes of Nigeria's problems. Who is to blame for what is happening in the country today?
Find out the answers to these questions and more in this video by Dr Bunmi Oyinsan.


#CausesOfNigeriaProblems #WrongWithNigeria #LagaoStateUniversity