Stuff happens. The weather forecast says it’s sunny, but you just got drenched. You got a flu shot—but you’re sick in bed with the flu. Your best friend from Boston met your other best friend from San Francisco. Coincidentally. What are the odds? Risk, probability, chance, coincidence—they play a significant role in the way we make decisions about health, education, relationships, and money. But where does this data come from and what does it really mean? How does the brain find patterns and where can these patterns take us? When should we ditch the data and go with our gut? Join us in a captivating discussion that will demystify the chancy side of life.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.

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Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
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Original Program Date: June 2, 2011
MODERATOR: Marcus du Sautoy
PARTICIPANTS: Amir Aczel, Gerd Gigerenzer, Leonard Mlodinow, Josh Tenenbaum

Josh Tenenbaum and an experiment in ESP. 00:00

Risk, Probability, and Chance. 02:54

Marcus du Sautoy's Introduction. 06:32

Participant Introductions. 07:27

Are we good or bad at interpreting numbers? 09:45

The Monty Hall problem. 16:00

The fight or flight math means we understand numbers? 21:50

The "numbers are important" experiment. 25:33

VerizonMath: Verizon doesn't know Dollars from Cents. 29:30

If you play a lottery and there is 1 winner in a 1000, what is your percent of winning? 35:30

How well are our brains tuned for evidential data. 39:33

What is the birthday problem? 45:15

The way probability's are phrased are as important as the numbers. 53:31

Do we have a conception of a million? 01:03:28

What is a prior? 01:09:05

Josh Tenenbaum ESP experiment results. 01:15:19

"Numbers are important" experiment results. 01:20:45

How do we get a statistical society? 01:25:25

Where do we get our mathematical symbols from? Why is the set of integers called ℤ ? When was the equals sign first used? How about zero? Good notation tends to catch on quickly, whereas bad notation can obscure beautiful theory.

The lecture explores how the introduction of new notation has paved the way for new leaps in understanding, and considers some mathematical quirks of language, such as what the number 4 in English has in common with the number 11 in Russian.

A lecture by Sarah Hart

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/maths

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 2,000 lectures free to access or download from the website.

Website: https://gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: https://twitter.com/greshamcollege
Facebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollege
Instagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollege

Black holes may hold the key to understanding the most fundamental truths of the universe, but how do you see something that’s, well, black? Astronomers think they have the answer. Thanks to a global array of radio telescopes that turn the Earth into a giant receiver, we may soon have the first picture of the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. And, with the power of math, scientists are going even further, using equations to “look” inside black holes, peering at the central singularity where general relativity and quantum mechanics collide. Join Brian Greene and other leading physicists and astronomers on a journey to make darkness visible.

Find out more about the program and the participants: https://www.worldsciencefestiv....al.com/programs/dark

MODERATOR: Brian Greene
PARTICIPANTS: Shep Doeleman, Andrea Ghez, Vicky Kalogera, Cumrun Vafa

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The Big Ideas Series is supported in part by the John Templeton Foundation.

Filmed live at the 2018 World Science Festival

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Robbert Dijkgraaf, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
March 5th, 2014

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Mathematics has proven to be "unreasonably effective" in understanding nature. The fundamental laws of physics can be captured in beautiful formulae. In this lecture I want to argue for the reverse effect: Nature is an important source of inspiration for mathematics, even of the purest kind. In recent years ideas from quantum field theory, elementary particles physics and string theory have completely transformed mathematics, leading to solutions of deep problems, suggesting new invariants in geometry and topology, and, perhaps most importantly, putting modern mathematical ideas in a `natural’ context.
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visit Perimeter Institute's website to find this and other speakers

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/video-library

http://pirsa.org/

You exist. You shouldn’t. Stars and galaxies and planets exist. They shouldn’t. The nascent universe contained equal parts matter and antimatter that should have instantly obliterated each other, turning the Big Bang into the Big Fizzle. And yet, here we are: flesh, blood, stars, moons, sky. Why? Come join us as we dive deep down the rabbit hole of solving the mystery of the missing antimatter.

MODERATOR: Brian Greene

PARTICIPANTS: Marcela Carena, Janet Conrad, Michael Doser, Hitoshi Murayama, Neil Turok

OPENING FILM: Animation by Eoin Duffy of Studio Belly, written by Justin Weinstein and Brian Greene

MORE ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: https://www.worldsciencefestiv....al.com/programs/matt

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series which is supported in part by the John Templeton Foundation.

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TOPICS:

- The Discovery of Antimatter opening film 00:00

- Brian Greene Introduction 04:00

- Participant Introductions 04:54

- What led Paul Dirac to his thinking? 07:25

- Can we create Antimatter? 22:25

- How does the universe create matter and antimatter and yet there is still matter left around us? 29:42

- Using Neutrinos to detect Antimatter 44:55

- The difference in Neutrinos compared to Antimatter 56:30

- Searching for hints of how to prove the Grand Unified theory 01:10:10

- Drowning in theories 01:22:00

- The applications for Antimatter 01:33:01

Filmed live at the 2018 World Science festival.

Probability is the examination of uncertain processes, but it's useful for far more than games of chance: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/proba

The modern theory of probability is considered to have begun in 1654 with an exchange of letters between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, and has developed since then into the discipline which examines uncertain processes. For example, although on tossing a coin you have no idea whether you will obtain heads or tails we know that if you keep doing it then in the long run it is very likely that the proportion of heads will be close to a half. The lecture will discuss this and other examples of random processes e.g. random walks and Brownian motion.

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/proba

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 1,500 lectures free to access or download from the website.
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollege

Forget what you think you know about dark matter. After a 30-year search for a single, as yet unidentified, species of dark matter particle that would make up some 25% of the mass of the universe, physicists are starting to consider novel explanations. Some envision invisible matter hiding within the folds of extra spatial dimensions. Others suggest not one kind of dark matter particle, but numerous species inhabiting a shadow universe. Others still conjecture that dark matter doesn’t exist, and instead propose that the laws of gravity need modification. We’ll bring together leading thinkers on dark matter—the revolutionary and conventional alike—for a distinctly unconventional discussion on the dark universe.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF.
Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
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Original Program Date: June 2, 2016
MODERATOR: John Hockenberry
PARTICIPANTS: Katherine Freese, Justin Khoury, Stacy McGaugh, Neal Weiner, Lisa Randall

The discovery of Dark Matter 00:00

John Hockenberry introduction 3:50

Participant Introductions 8:10

What is dark matter? 9:59

Lets talk about WIMPs 15:15

How do we detect dark matter? 17:45

The standard model looks incomplete 28:46

So you want to take apart Newton and Einstein? 37:49

What role did dark matter play in the early universe? 48:00

Can dark matter be a super fluid? 55:15

Will we understand dark matter better if we know about its origins? 1:02:28

What is the headline for the next big dark matter discovery? 1:07:46

For all we understand about the universe, 96% of what’s out there still has scientists in the dark. Astronomical observations have established that familiar matter—atoms—accounts for only 4% of the weight of the cosmos. The rest—dark matter and dark energy—is invisible to our telescopes. But what really is this dark stuff? How do we know it’s there? And what does it do? From the formation of galaxies to the farthest reaches of space, it appears that darkness rules. Without dark matter and dark energy, the universe today and in the far future would be a completely different place. We were joined by leading researchers who smash together particles, dive into underground mines, and explore the edges of the known universe in search of clues to nature’s dark side.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF.
Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldsciencefestival
Follow us on twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest

Original Program Date: June 2, 2011
MODERATOR: John Hockenberry
PARTICIPANTS: Brian Greene, Glennys Farrar, Katherine Freese, Michael Turner, Saul Perlmutter, Elena Aprile, MOMIX

Brian Greene's introduction on dark matter. 00:22

What we don,t see by MOMIX 07:00

John Hockenberry's Introduction. 16:17

Participant Introductions 21:05

Why do we know that there is dark matter? 25:10

The lensing effect that reveals dark matter. 31:33

A computer simulation of what dark matter was doing as the universe was expanding. 37:11

Capturing Wimps with the XENON100. 41:40

What the XENON100 detector looks like. 48:20

Where do we go to find events that prove dark matter exists? 56:18

If lensing is correct, could that determine an unknown force? 01:00:43

Supersymmetry vs Another Universal Brane. 01:09:20

Using a supernova to detect Dark Matter. 01:15:40

How does a supernova tell you about dark matter? 01:21:20

How did Einstein predict that dark energy existed? 01:26:18

What is the counter explanation of dark energy? 01:30:40

The ratio of dark energy makes a perfect environment for life. 01:35:30

When no one is looking, a particle has near limitless potential: it can be nearly anywhere. But measure it, and the particle snaps to one position. How do subatomic objects shed their quantum weirdness? Experts in the field of physics, including David Z. Albert, Sean Carroll, Sheldon Goldstein, Ruediger Schack, and moderator Brian Greene, discuss the history of quantum mechanics, current theories in the field, and possibilities for the future.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF.
Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
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Original Program date: May 29, 2014
Host: Brian Greene
Participants: David Z. Albert, Sean Carroll, Sheldon Goldstein, Ruediger Schack

Brian Greene's Introduction. 00:00

The double-slit experiment 4:03

Waves of probability. 10:50

Participant Introductions. 17:55

The classic outlook changed forever. 19:41

The Norman Ramsey approach to quantum mechanics. 22:44

The quantum measurement problem. 28:45

Does there need to be a clear separation between the quantum description and the observer? 31:44

How does the double slit fit into this example? 38:49

The many worlds approach to quantum mechanics. 45:48

If we can't see the other worlds, isn't that equal to believing in god or angels? 50:45

Summing up the many worlds theory. 59:52

Spontaneous collapse theory. 1:00:04

How do you make this theory precise. 1:08:00

Tallying the votes for collapse theory. 1:13:27

What is Qbism? 1:14:00

Does cubism gives a description of the world that needs an observer? 1:19:25

Two equations vs one. 1:27:04

The final vote for Qbism. 1:30:20