Before Iran was America's enemy, it was America's biggest weapons customer. The US sold the Shah billions in advanced fighter jets, destroyers, missiles, and surveillance aircraft — including the F-14 Tomcat, the most powerful interceptor ever built, a jet so exclusive that only the US Navy was allowed to fly it. American technicians flooded into Iranian cities by the thousands. CIA officers trained Iran's secret police. And Nixon personally signed a blank check allowing the Shah to buy any weapon he wanted, no questions asked.

Then, in 1979, a revolution swept the Shah from power — and every last piece of that American military hardware fell into the hands of a government that considered the United States to be the Great Satan.

This is the story of how America armed Iran, how those weapons were turned against American interests, and how the consequences of that decision are still shaping the Middle East today. From the 1953 CIA coup that started it all, to the hostage crisis that ended the alliance, to the nuclear program that America itself helped create — this is a chapter of history that explains more about the current US-Iran standoff than anything you'll hear on the news.

Sources and references used in this video include declassified State Department documents, Brookings Institution research, the National Security Archive at George Washington University, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) arms transfer data, and reporting from NPR, the National Interest, and the Office of the Historian.

#iran #usa #coldwar #geopolitics #middleeast #f14tomcat #shah #iranrevolution #cia #nixondoctrine #armsrace #hostagecrisis #militaryhistory #foreignpolicy #irannuclear #savak #henrykissinger #persiangulf #documentary #history

This episode covers the colonial years, the loss of local power, and how oil changed life in the delta. We look at Isaac Boro’s 1966 uprising, the Kaiama Declaration in 1998, the Odi attack in 1999, the rise of armed groups in the 2000s, and the 2009 amnesty. We also touch on politics and the push for fairness today.If you are Izon or from the Niger Delta, please watch to the end. Tell us what we got right. Tell us what we missed. Share names, dates, and family stories we should add.New history videos every Saturday.Watch Part 1: https://youtu.be/kpdawQzxYAc?s....i=LYA-HBFJF-6Gj16_So and further reading belowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Ijaw_peoplehttps://e like, comment, share, and subscribe if this helped you learn something.#ijawhistory #nigerdelta #nigeriahistory

3,000 YEARS OF IZON HISTORY Nigeria’s First People of the Niger DeltaIn this video, we travel from the earliest days of the Izon people with archaeological finds, oral traditions, and ancient city-states like Agadagba-bou and Isoma-bou — to their meeting with Europeans, rise as trading powers, and bold resistance against colonial rule.If you are Izon or from the Niger Delta, please watch through to the end and share your voice: Did we get it right? Do you have stories or corrections we should include?🔔 Subscribe and turn on notifications — new history episodes every Saturday.▶ Part 2 will explore colonial rule, Isaac Boro’s revolt, modern struggles, and how the Izon fight for justice today.📚 Sources and Further Readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Ijaw_peoplehttps://e #nigerdelta #nigeriahistory

The Origin of the Izon people: From Kemet to the Niger Delta

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Akhenaten was an Egyptian Pharaoh back in the 1300s BCE who upended the religious landscape of ancient Egypt. Within years of ascending the throne, he turned away from traditional Egyptian polytheism to the worship of a single god: The Aten. Was this an early form of monotheism?

Select footage and images courtesy of Getty

Learn to read the Hebrew Bible in its original language. Live twelve-week class with Dr. Kipp Davis. Join here: https://www.religiondepartment.com/bookofjonah

Was the God of Israel married? Inscriptions from the Sinai pair Yahweh with "his Asherah," a Canaanite mother goddess worshipped across the ancient Near East.

Special thanks to Dr. Lauren McCormick. Check out her incredible web exhibit on the Judean Pillar Figurines here: https://laurmcco.github.io/jud....eanpillarfigurineexh
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00:00 Intro
1:26 Athirat/Asherah in the Ugaritic Literature
5:20 Asherah in the Hebrew Bible
9:00 Sacred Trees, asherahs, and iconography
14:10 Judean Pillar Figurines: Asherah or Not?
18:53 Kuntillet Ajrud Inscription
25:29 Was Asherah the wife of God?
27:32 Erasure of Asherah in later translations
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The history of slavery did not begin in the cotton fields. Long before the transatlantic slave trade, Africa stood at the center of vast networks of human trafficking that connected the Sahara, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and beyond.

Episode 1: Beyond the Desert explores the origins and expansion of the trans-Saharan slave trade, from the fall of Rome in 476 AD to the rise of powerful African and Islamic empires. As Arab rule expanded from the banks of the Indus to the southern edge of the Sahara, new routes of conquest, commerce, and enslavement reshaped entire societies.

At the heart of this world stood two major trading centers: Cairo, the great commercial hub between Africa and the Middle East, and Timbuktu, a strategic gateway for the trans-Saharan caravans and the empires of West Africa.

Through archives, historical analysis, and powerful storytelling, this first episode of Slavery Routes reveals how millions of sub-Saharan Africans were captured, sold, displaced, and turned into the “human raw material” of one of the longest systems of enslavement in history.
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Chapters
▷ 00:00 - Introduction: Africa and the Origins of a Global Slave Trade
▷ 01:50 - Slavery in Antiquity and the Fall of the Roman Empire
▷ 03:35 - Why Africa Became a Center of the Slave Trade
▷ 05:30 - The Arab Empire, Nubia, and the Politics of Enslavement
▷ 08:17 - African Slaves in Islamic Dynasties: War, Labor, and Power
▷ 11:00 - Slave Routes Across the Mediterranean, Caucasus, Balkans, and Russia
▷ 12:40 - The Zanj Rebellion: One of History’s Largest Slave Uprisings
▷ 16:00 - Cairo: Capital of the Arab Empire and Hub of the Slave Trade
▷ 19:49 - The Expansion of Slavery in North Africa and the Middle East
▷ 23:40 - Conversion, Islam, and the Religious Paradox of Enslavement
▷ 25:45 - Camels and the Expansion of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
▷ 28:10 - Timbuktu: A Strategic Trading Center in West Africa
▷ 31:53 - Gold, Slaves, and the Prosperity of the Mali Empire
▷ 33:05 - Islam and the Commercial Power of the Mali Empire
▷ 34:00 - Race, Otherness, and the Justification of Slavery
▷ 36:55 - Social Hierarchy and Class Systems in Medieval Mali
▷ 39:00 - Hereditary Slavery and the Racialization of the Trans-Saharan Trade
▷ 41:07 - The Memory of Slavery in Africa and Contemporary Racism
▷ 43:00 - Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage and the Power of the Mali Empire
▷ 46:30 - North Africa and the Global Trade Routes of the Middle Ages
▷ 50:00 - Epilogue: The Lasting Impact of the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade
▷ 51:20 - Credits

#slaveryroutes #historydocumentary #africanhistory #slaveryhistory #transsaharanslavetrade #maliempire #timbuktu #mansamusa #worldhistory #fulldocumentary #historydocumentary #WocomoHISTORY
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Original title: Slavery Routes: 476–1375 — Beyond the Desert
Directed by: Daniel Cattier, Juan Gélas, Fanny Glissant
Produced by: Compagnie des Phares et Balises, ARTE France
In co-production with: Kwassa Films, RTBF Télévision Belge, Lx Filmes, RTP, INRAP

© 2018, licensed by Incognita Distribution

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