Kmtyw (Egyptian) medical papyri are ancient Kmtyw texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Kmt (Egypt). The papyri give details on disease, diagnosis, and remedies of disease, which include herbal remedies, surgery, and magical spells.

⁣Kirango is an old village on the banks of the Niger river, 35 km from Ségou. The village is inhabited by Bamana (farmers) and Bozo/Somono (fishermen). Both ethnic groups celebrate their masquerades, each in their own way.


The masquerade of the Bamana ('sogo bò' - the animal comes out) is organized by the 'ton' (youth association) every jear, in June. It comprises ‘sogow’ (animals): masks and large puppets that represent spirits, animals (domestic, wild, or mythical), and human personages.


They are accompanied by drumming, singing and dancing.


Video & text © Elisabeth den Otter

Ya'at'eeh. I invite all people, especially Americans, to watch this video. But I must warn you, the history contained within will not be easy to hear. The Doctrine of Discovery is seldom talked about in America. Even thought it has shaped and influenced our nation, people, churches and foundations in some very deep and profound ways. I am not telling this history to drive a wedge. Nor am I trying to lay some sort of guilt trip. My goal is common memory. My hope is truth and conciliation. And ultimately, my desire is a nation where We the People finally means all the people. But before any of those are possible, we must first unlearn a few things.

Walk in beauty my relatives.

Mark Charles
#tcc2021

The son of an American woman of Dutch heritage and a Navajo man, Mark Charles offers a unique perspective on three of the most misinterpreted words in American History. Written in the Papal Bulls of the 15th Century, embedded in our founding documents in the 18th Century, codified as legal precedent in the 19th Century and referenced by the Supreme Court in the 20th and 21st Centuries, the Doctrine of Discovery has been used throughout the history of the United States to keep "We the People" from including all the people. Mark Charles is a dynamic and thought-provoking public speaker, writer, and consultant. The son of an American woman (of Dutch heritage) and a Navajo man, he speaks with insight into the complexities of American history regarding race, culture, and faith in order to help forge a path of healing and conciliation for the nation. Mark serves as the Washington DC correspondent and regular columnist for Native News Online and is the author of the popular blog "Reflections from the Hogan." Mark is a founding partner of a national conference for Native students called “Would Jesus Eat Frybread?” Mark’s forthcoming book on the Doctrine of Discovery entitled Truth be Told is being published by InterVarsity Press and will be available in 2019. Mark is active on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram under the username: wirelesshogan. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

A brief 7 minute video describing the Papal Bulls of the 14th Century known as the Doctrine of Discovery and their influence on the foundations of the United States of America.Narrated by Mark Charles (Navajo Nation)

The Doctrine of Discovery and the Papal Bull
A law from 1455 still has
importance today in the legal system of the United States.

Schools taught Christopher Columbus "discovered" America - U.S. history books portray him as a hero. They failed to mentioned "the doctrine of discovery" = invade, enslave,
pillage, torture, rape, and genocide
non-Christian peoples.
The Doctrine of Discovery is still a law.
"The International Legal construct known as the Doctrine of Discovery, has served as the Foundation of the Violation of Indigenous Peoples Human Rights" - U.N.
The Doctrine of Discovery is a principle of international
law dating from the late 15th century. It has its roots in a
papal bull or decree issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452 that specifically sanctioned and promoted the conquest,
colonization, and exploitation of non-Christian territories
and peoples.
Credit: CBC Tapestry with Mary Hynes, speaking to Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz https://www.cbc.ca/radio/tapes....try/reclaiming-indig #subjugation #doctrineofdiscovery #indigenous #untoldhistory

The Doctrine of Discovery, a forgotten yet impactful concept, shaped colonization and inflicted injustices on indigenous peoples in various parts of the world. The doctrine of discovery originated in Europe and was used to justify the subjugation and dispossession of native populations. Learn more https://www.globalblackhistory.com/

The International Law of Colonialism: Professor Robert J. Miller Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery - University of Arizona

With the fall of Granada, the Age of Discovery begins! First up is Henry the Navigator. Henry was the son of John I. He set Portugal on the fast path to discovery. His patronage allowed for the exploration of the coast of Africa, naval improvements like the Caravel, and he was renowned as creating his famous School of Navigation (which may not have existed).