Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when an organism changes sex at some point in its life. It’s seen in a few species of gastropods and plants, but mostly fish, like napoleon wrasse, clownfish, groupers and marine angelfish. This transformation involves the complete restructuring of their gonads, as well as changes in their morphology and behaviour. For these fish, sex change is a usual part in their life cycle, and it’s one that carries adaptive advantages.

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References:
Avise JC & Mank JE. Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes. Sex Dev 2009;3:152–163.
Berglund A. Sequential hermaphroditism and the size-advantage hypothesis: an experimental test. Anim Behav 1990;30:426–433.
Todd EV, et al. Bending genders: the biology of natural sex change in fish. Sex Dev 2016;10:223–241.
Casas L, et al. Sex change in clownfish: molecular insights from transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2016;6:35461.
Goikoetxea A, et al. Stress and sex: does cortisol mediate sex change in fish? Reproduction 2017;154:R149–R160.
Kazancioğlu E & Alonzo SH. Costs of changing sex do not explain why sequential hermaphroditism is rare. Am Nat 2009;173:327–336.
Waples RS, et al. Consequences of sex change for effective population size. Proc Biol Sci 2018;285:20181702.
Muñoz RC & Warner RR. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. Am Nat 2003;161:749–761.

Credits:
ふうけ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Kobudai150
prilfish. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....silkebaron/232002459
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Orange_sku
Sasuke Tsujita. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD2-ZZsWBYs&ab_channel=SasukeTsujita
フリッパーダイブセンター 群馬県伊勢崎市のダイビングショップ FLIPPER dive center. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YLywPkUjM&ab_channel=%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%9C%8C%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97FLIPPERdivecenter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sr7rPhfWCc&ab_channel=SCUBADIVINGPRO-SHOPMAHI-MAHI
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_clo
Carl Malamud. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_Gob
Rickard Zerpe.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/....krokodiver/238064296
alif_abdulrahman. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....alif_abdulrahman/188
aquarist.me. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....aquarist/7075443335/
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3020
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3150

#sexchangingfish #sexchange #naturalselection #hermaphroditism #sequentialhermaphroditism #hermaphrodite #biology #evolutionarybiology #zoology #clownfish #kobudai #asiansheepshead

This specialist hunter knows just how dangerous their prey can be. To solve this problem, they hypnotise crabs by changing the colour of their skin.
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#BluePlanetII

Watch more:
Planet Earth http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthPlaylist
Blue Planet http://bit.ly/BluePlanetPlaylist
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Planet Dinosaur https://bit.ly/PlanetDinosaurPlaylist

Taken From Blue Planet II
This bold cinematic experience takes viewers on a magical adventure across the greatest, yet least known, parts of our planet – our oceans. Since Blue Planet aired in 2001, our understanding of life beneath the waves has completely changed. Travelling from the icy polar seas to the vibrant blues of the coral atolls, this series shares these astonishing new discoveries. Meet the strange octopuses lurking in the depths of the Antarctic Ocean. Watch giant trevally fish leap to catch birds in mid-air. And ride on the back of a hammerhead shark as it attacks. Inspiring awe and wonder, Blue Planet II reveals surprising new places, charismatic new characters and extraordinary new behaviours.

Welcome to BBC EARTH! The world is an amazing place full of stories, beauty and natural wonder. Here you'll find 50 years worth of entertaining and thought-provoking natural history content. Dramatic, rare, and exclusive, nature doesn't get more exciting than this.

Want to share your views with the team? Join our BBC Studios Voice: https://www.bbcstudiosvoice.com/register

This is a commercial page from BBC Studios. Service information and feedback: http://bbcworldwide.com/vod-fe....edback--contact-deta

In every female kobudai... is a male in waiting.
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/BBCEarthSub

#BluePlanetII

Watch more:
Planet Earth http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthPlaylist
Blue Planet http://bit.ly/BluePlanetPlaylist
Planet Earth II http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthIIPlaylist
Planet Dinosaur http://bit.ly/PlanetDinoPlaylist

Taken From Blue Planet II
This bold cinematic experience takes viewers on a magical adventure across the greatest, yet least known, parts of our planet – our oceans. Since Blue Planet aired in 2001, our understanding of life beneath the waves has completely changed. Travelling from the icy polar seas to the vibrant blues of the coral atolls, this series shares these astonishing new discoveries. Meet the strange octopuses lurking in the depths of the Antarctic Ocean. Watch giant trevally fish leap to catch birds in mid-air. And ride on the back of a hammerhead shark as it attacks. Inspiring awe and wonder, Blue Planet II reveals surprising new places, charismatic new characters and extraordinary new behaviours.

Welcome to BBC EARTH! The world is an amazing place full of stories, beauty and natural wonder. Here you'll find 50 years worth of entertaining and thought-provoking natural history content. Dramatic, rare, and exclusive, nature doesn't get more exciting than this.

Want to share your views with the team? Join our BBC Studios Voice: https://www.bbcstudiosvoice.com/register

This is a commercial page from BBC Studios. Service information and feedback: http://bbcworldwide.com/vod-fe....edback--contact-deta

This video is about whether Nigerian cultures are dying in the diaspora. Is the Igbo culture dying inside and outside of Nigeria? Why are Igbos' no longer speaking Igbo or teaching their children the language. How to ensure the continuation of African culture especially in the diaspora where there are external forces working against it.

Udochi, founder of Ikenga Nation chat about our experiences in the diaspora.

Sendwave offers a 1% transaction fee from the U.S. and 0% transaction fees and a "great exchange rate" from Europe's sending countries: U.K., Italy, Spain, and Ireland. When you send remittances through Sendwave, you can pick the money at ANY Zenith, Fidelity, First Bank, GT, or Access Bank branch! Recipients don't need an account with either bank – just their *BVN, a form of I.D. like their passport or driver's license*, and their phone with the 2 Sendwave codes!

If you do decide to use Sendwave, use my promo code IVEOMA. It is a fantastic way to support the movement to help Diaspora invest in Nigeria.

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Iveoma Media uncovers the investment opportunities in Nigeria.

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Email: hi@iveoma.com
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FTC: Iveoma Media does not endorse or recommend individuals, products, or services that may be discussed on this platform. Iveoma Media expressly disclaims all liability for claims or damages that may result from reliance on the content. Iveoma Media accepts no responsibility for the opinions and information posted on this platform. In no event shall Iveoma Media be liable to you or anyone else for any decision made or taken by you in reliance on information on this site.

Africa is home to some of the world's most stunning landscapes. Enjoy this 4k Scenic Relaxation film across Africa's most wild destinations. From the highlands of Ethiopia, to the plains of the Serengeti, Africa is a magical continent waiting to be explored! This is one of my favorite films we've done and I'm so excited to share it with you!

Special thanks to Skypacking for filming a lot of these incredible shots. He traveled from Cape Town to Cairo and documented his entire journey - https://youtu.be/NM_hiIwNKGk

Our other Relaxation films:

South America Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/gghgYaYeG_M

Dolomites Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/-00PZ3FaHV4

Greece Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/RSRKFAmfqnI

Sardinia Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/TIBx3w3loMY

Austria Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/oHdecbMrcbI

Germany Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/li-_BLtq58w

Switzerland Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/kVxTrhojpFI

Italy Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/2b2gJu-g3qE

Alps Relaxation Film 4K - https://youtu.be/3PZ65s2qLTE

Follow us on instagram @scenicrelaxationfilms

Where we get our music - http://share.mscbd.fm/scenicrelaxation
Great Place for Stock footage - https://bit.ly/38b1EJH
Free stock footage, guides & luts - https://sellfy.com/ryanshirley

Timestamps:

0:00 - Intro
4:11 - Namibia & Egypt
5:35 - Drakensberg & Victoria Falls
6:47 - Tanzania
7:30 - Dallol, Ethiopia
8:36 - Cape Town, South Africa
9:50 - Zanzibar & Seychelles
11:54 - Kenya & Uganda
14:30 - Mauritius & Reunion
15:20 - Morocco
16:48 - Cape Town, South Africa
18:34 - Semien Mountains & Megab
19:51 - Maletsunyane Falls
20:19 - Namibia
20:46 - Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
21:22 - Tanzania
22:14 - Morocco
26:13 - Zanzibar & Seychelles
28:44 - Uganda
30:13 - Zambia & Wildlife
31:56 - Ghana & Mali
33:26 - Namibia & Cape Town
35:40 - Arusha & Dar es Salaam
37:06 - Ethiopia & Kenya
39:26 - Maasai Mara, Kenya
40:21 - Morocco
42:36 - Tanzania & S. Africa
44:36 - Across Africa
46:53 - Maasai Mara
49:39 - Outro

Thanks for watching :)

I visited this small town in greater Accra more than 5 years ago and I had no memory other than a beautiful Catholic church building and a banana plantation.
The idea of praising this place and its warm people haunted me for more than a week and I finally decided to go back.To my surprise, the church was demolished and access to the banana fields was forbidden.
The fact remains , it was a nice visit. Enjoy the watch !

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Music credit: acoustic breeze-www.bensound.com

This video is about why food is so expensive in Nigeria.

1. Inflation of Naira
2. Weakness of Naira against US dollar
3. Land border closures in 2019 (when Nigerian closed land border trading with neigboring countries)
4. Road closures during Covid-19
5. Limited Storage Facilities available to farmers
6. Covid-19 rules that prevented groups of workers from getting together to work the land
7. Herdsmen
8. Boko Haram
9. Climate change
10. Road insecurity due to Boko Haram, bandits, and herdsmen
11. Underdevelopment and underfunding of the agriculture sector for decades

Nigerian government and people are now focusing on agriculture.

-----------------------------------------------------
Iveoma Media uncovers the investment opportunities in Nigeria.

Visit us at: https://www.iveoma.com
Email: hi@iveoma.com
IM on Clubhouse: @iveomamedia
IM Group on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/iveomamedia
IM on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/iveomamedia/
IM on Twitter: https://twitter.com/iveomamedia

FTC: Iveoma Media does not endorse or recommend individuals, products, or services that may be discussed on this platform. Iveoma Media expressly disclaims all liability for claims or damages that may result from reliance on the content. Iveoma Media accepts no responsibility for the opinions and information posted on this platform. In no event shall Iveoma Media be liable to you or anyone else for any decision made or taken by you in reliance on information on this site.