In Barbados and the wider Caribbean, the use of calabash has traditionally been a practical vessel for storage and food serving in the home. This three-part series is designed to preserve and develop the knowledge of calabash carving in Barbados via its two surviving practitioners: artisans Adrian Compton and Ras Isage Burnette.

In Barbados and the wider Caribbean, the use of calabash has traditionally been a practical vessel for storage and food serving in the home. This three-part series is designed to preserve and develop the knowledge of calabash carving in Barbados via its two surviving practitioners: artisans Adrian Compton and Ras Isage Burnette.

Prior to colonialism, food production in Africa was in the hands of African farmers who grew crops mainly for food production. Many explorers to Africa were more focused on acquiring and shipping raw materials to the western world and considered this the most efficient use of their resources. Over time this way of conducting business became expensive and they sought to diversify ways to increase their profits. More often than not, private companies such as the Royal Niger Company, Imperial British East Africa Company, and British South Africa Company incurred high costs in trying to set up a new administration that would protect their interests. These new administrations often introduced tax systems and laws that forced local farmers to grow crops they could openly sell on the local market in order to pay their taxes. This led to the introduction of cash crop agriculture in many parts of Africa.
Learn more at http://www.globalblackhistory.....com/2016/07/early-hi

April 12th 1959.

Audio of Tom Mboya's appearance on NBC's "Meet The Press".

Tom Mboya (1930-1969), the Kenyan trade union and political leader of international repute, was a key figure in Kenya's transition from a British colony to an independent country. His debating and oratorical skills earned him widespread admiration in his country and abroad, including the United States where he spoke on national TV and addressed civil rights rallies.

He was intrumental in founding Africa's first continental labour organisation.

He worked with both Senator John F. Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King jr. to create educational opportunities for African students. Among the beneficiaries were future Nobel Laureate, Wangari Maathai and Barack Hussein Obama Snr., the father of the future U.S. President.

A contemporary of Kwame Nkrumah, Mboya came to public prominence at a relatively young age. He was perceived as a protege of Nkrumah's within the Pan-Africanist movement, and later as a rival.

In Kenya, where he later served as Minister for Economic Planning and Development, he was highly esteemed but was seen as a rival to key figures within the Kikuyu establishment.

His assassin was identified as Nahashon Isaac Njenga Njoroge.

But controversy and conspiracy theories endure over his murder.

Many Luos believed at the time had Mboya's murder was organised by members of Kenya's Kikuyu dominated elite. Many were convinced of Jomo Kenyatta's responsibility on the grounds that Mboya presented a threat to his leadership. Njoroge's words of "Why don't you go after the big man?" helped to fuel this.

An alternate theory lays the blame for Mboya's murder on the supporters of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga who it is claimed feared that Mboya's appeal was taking support away from him among the Luo.

The photograph is dated June 4th 1963.

Photo Credit: Top Foto.

Original Credit for Audio Broadcast: NBC.

December 28th 1958.

Audio of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah's appearance on NBC's "Meet The Press".

Nkrumah, the Prime Minister of the recently independent Ghana, was visiting the United States at the invitation of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Original Credit: NBC.

[ESPAÑOL]
Los orígenes de la antigua Kush
Tienes que conocer el mundo antiguo para comprender el mundo moderno. Durante años, la historia y las contribuciones de Kush a la civilización mundial fueron en gran parte tergiversadas. Los primeros arqueólogos europeos lo explicaron como un reflejo o colonia de Egipto cuando Egipto se ha explicado durante mucho tiempo como un producto del Cercano Oriente y el Mediterráneo (no de África).
El legendario Reino de Kush, la madre de las civilizaciones africanas, una cultura deslumbrante que floreció en la región conocida como Nubia (que se extiende desde el Alto Nilo hasta el Mar Rojo, lo que hoy es Egipto y Sudán) hace casi 5.000 años y rigió el mundo durante milenios. La región se convirtió en un importante centro comercial de productos del interior africano, el desierto árabe y la cuenca mediterránea. Kush pone de manifiesto el papel que desempeñaron los africanos en un mundo antiguo interconectado.
Durante mucho tiempo, los académicos eurocéntricos no concibieron que una civilización negra fuera tan avanzada. Las antiguas culturas nubias eran sofisticadas y cosmopolitas. Afortunadamente, la verdad sobre esta civilización africana está emergiendo gradualmente a medida que los restos arqueológicos sobrevivientes de Kush revelan un fascinante pueblo antiguo desconocido para el mundo. Ésta es la verdad de la historia africana y debería enseñarse en todas las escuelas. Los europeos ven la antigua Grecia simbólicamente como la madre de su civilización (que también fue influenciada por las civilizaciones africanas clásicas). Los africanos debemos ver a Kush como nuestro gran antepasado. Basándose en sus estudios, viajes, excavaciones y trabajo de campo, Nubia Wardford Polk, nos lo cuenta en "Los origenes de la antigua Kush"

NUBIA WARDFORD-POLK, M.A., Antropóloga / Científica Cultural (Arqueóloga) Nubia Wardford-Polk tiene una maestría en arqueología histórica especializada en arqueología del mundo africano, mundos históricos y prehistóricos. Su participación e investigación primaria en arqueología, antropología e investigación histórica dieron como resultado conclusiones sobre la importancia de la civilización antigua kushita / merolítica (antiguo Sudán) que es anterior a Egipto.
[ENGLISH]
The Cycle of Conferences on African and the African Diaspora Studies [CEADA] invites to the conference “Origins of Ancient Kush” presented by Nubia Wardford-Polk, M.A.
The Cycle of Conferences on African and the African Diaspora Studies has been created to disseminate Afrocentric and Pan-Africanist thought through the experiences and contributions of Africans and their descendants worldwide. It is an open and permanent space where experts in different areas of knowledge are invited. The dialogue revolves around issues of collective interest and from the Afrocentric, Pan-Africanist, and anti-colonialist perspectives.
Origins of Ancient Kush
You have to know the ancient world to understand the modern world. For years, Kush's history and contributions to world civilization were largely misrepresented. Early European archaeologists explained it as a reflection or colony of Egypt when Egypt has long been explained as a product of the Near East and the Mediterranean (not Africa).
The legendary Kingdom of Kush, the mother of African civilizations, a dazzling culture that flourished in the region known as Nubia (stretching from the Upper Nile to the Red Sea, what is now Egypt and Sudan) nearly 5,000 years ago and ruled the world for millennia. The region became an important commercial center for products from the African interior, the Arab desert, and the Mediterranean basin. Kush makes evident the role that Africans played in an interconnected ancient world.
For a long time, Eurocentric scholars did not conceive that a black civilization was so advanced. The ancient Nubian cultures were sophisticated and cosmopolitan. Fortunately, the truth about this African civilization is gradually emerging as the surviving archaeological remains of Kush reveal a fascinating ancient people unknown to the world. This is the truth of African history, and it should be taught in all schools. Europeans see ancient Greece symbolically as the mother of their civilization (which was also influenced by classical African civilizations). We Africans must see Kush as our great ancestor. Based on his studies, travel, excavations, and fieldwork, Nubia Wardford Polk tells us about it in "Origins of ancient Kush."

NUBIA WARDFORD-POLK, M.A., Anthropologist / Cultural Scientist (Archaeologist)
Nubia Wardford-Polk holds an M.A in Historical Archaeology specializing in Archaeology of the African world, Historic, and Prehistoric worlds. Her involvement and primary research in archaeology, anthropology, and historical research resulted in conclusions regarding the importance of the Ancient Kushite/Merolitic (Ancient Sudan) civilization which predates Egypt.

Nubian Archaeological Project
http://www.ancientnubiancities.com/

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The Story of the Devishes (Daraawiishtii) and Sayid Mohamed Abdulle Hassan.

This is a recording of the School of Historical, Philosophical an Religious Studies' Distinguished Visiting Scholar Dr. Leslie Alexander giving her public talk on November 21, 2019.

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