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How can Africa's leaders persuade terrorists to put down their weapons and mitigate spillover effects?

Dimensions to be addressed:
- Integrating internally displaced persons
- Defusing the drivers of terrorism
- Fostering local, regional and international cooperation

•Hafsat Abiola-Costello, Special Adviser and Member of the State Cabinet, Ogun State Government, Nigeria; Young Global Leader; Global Agenda Council on Fragility, Violence & Conflict.
•Abdirahman Yusuf Ali Aynte, Minister of Planning and International Cooperation of Somalia.
•Erastus J. O. Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson, African Union, Addis Ababa; Global Agenda Council on the Future of Regional Organizations.
•Kennedy Odede, President, Chief Executive Officer and Founder, Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO), USA; Young Global Leader.
•Anton du Plessis, Managing Director, Institute for Security Studies (ISS), South Africa; Young Global Leader; Global Agenda Council on Fragility, Violence & Conflict.

Moderated by Bobby Ghosh, Managing Editor, Quartz - Atlantic Media, USA.

Among the thousands of hunters enlisted by the Nigerian army to track and capture Boko Haram fighters, one stands out from the crowd.

Aisha Bakari Gombi towers over her band of hunters, one of the few women who has joined the fight against one of the deadliest armed groups in Africa.

With her shotgun slung over her shoulder, she ventures into the scrub of Borno, the northeastern province of Nigeria long plagued by Boko Haram attacks, hunting down their fighters.

Her bravery and keen hunting abilities have earned her the title of 'Queen Hunter'.

Government troops are quick to call on Aisha for her skills but slow to reward her efforts financially.

While she is unable to liberate many more captives held by Boko Haram due to a lack of resources, she will never stop trying.

Dive into the multiple worlds of Aisha, a commander, a hunter and a wife.

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When Moammar Gadhafi’s regime collapsed in 2011, Libya was left leaderless. In the ensuing years, rebel militias have battled one another for control of the country in a series of deadly bombings and shootouts. With fighting unavoidable and no end in sight, Libyan civilians are picking up AK-47s and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) to protect their families from the militias.
Of course, they don't have to look far. Libya’s parliament estimates that 15 million weapons—many left over from Gadhafi’s massive caches—are circulating within the country. That’s two and a half weapons per person. Times being what they are, many use social media to source their household arms. Since the beginning of the year, Vocativ has been monitoring Facebook and other online activity in Libya to track this phenomenon. What we discovered was a virtual arms market, complete with dealers claiming to live in Tripoli, advertised prices and hagglers in the comment section.

In a video report from on the ground in Tripoli, Vocativ producer Lindsay Snell meets with an arms dealer who refers to himself as “Batsha.” Squatting over his collection of ammunition and firearms, Batsha selects a weapon and demonstrates how to load it. “This is a Kalashkinov. It is the most popular weapon in Libya. It costs $1,200,” he says as he cocks the rifle. After rattling off a list of the other guns and missiles up for sale (their prices range from $800 to $5,000), he says, “Everyone in Libya is armed. Everyone has a weapon.”

After speaking with a handful of civilians during our visit to Tripoli, Batsha’s claim that virtually all of Libya packs heat checks out. “Everyone has to be armed. We don’t trust the militias, we don’t trust the government, we don’t trust anyone,” says university student Ahmed Klisel, AK-47 in hand. "It’s really easy to obtain weapons in Libya. An AK-47 is a necessity in every household. More households have more than one. Or they have an AK-47 and a few pistols, handguns.”

And it’s not just men who carry weapons. Fidgeting with a small handgun, single mother Hind Ahmed Benghagab says, “We never thought we would see the day where Libyan women would need guns.”

With the massive surplus of military-grade weapons and the ease of purchase, deadly armaments often wind up in the wrong hands. According to a recent U.N. report, violent militant groups from Boko Haram in Nigeria to jihadis in Syria have obtained guns and other arms from Libya. While strife and chaos is Gadhafi's endowment to the nation he ruled with an iron fist, it's the second lives of the weapons he amassed and left behind that may be his lasting and violent global legacy.

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The continent of Africa has had it’s fair share of mercenaries who are hired by different parties to help with either effecting regime change or for purposes of protecting countries from insurgent forces.

One of the most popular of these was a man called Bob Denard who became legendary for his role in attempting to overthrow regimes in a series of wars that accompanied the decolonisation of Africa, during the 1960s and 1970s

Claiming to have support from France for operations meant to retain French influence in its former colonies, Bob called himself the “Pirate of the Republic” in a career which began in Congo and ended in the Comoros islands.

Bob Denard was involved in four of the 19 coup attempts that have shaken the Comoros archipelago since the islands won independence from France in 1975. At one point he was considered as the de facto leader of the Comoros.

Many Comorians blamed him for destabilising the islands, as well as other parts of Africa.
In this episode of African Biographics, we look at the illustrious career of Robert Denard, a career mercenary who played a part in charting the course of history in a few African countries.

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Sources:

The Mercenary Position, Howard French, Transition, No. 73 (1997), pp. 110-121 (12 pages), Published By: Indiana University Press

https://nationalinterest.org/b....log/buzz/one-man%E2%

https://www.google.com/amp/s/a....mp.theguardian.com/n

https://apnews.com/article/613....41e6567bac4d21383431

https://link.springer.com/chap....ter/10.1007/978-1-34

https://www.cairn-int.info/art....icle-E_VIN_141_0143-

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7044019.stm

https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueReddit/comments/6b0jvu/one_man_private_army_story_of_french_mercenary/utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share

https://en.topwar.ru/172246-bo....b-denar-korol-naemni

https://www.youngpioneertours.....com/dprk-thwarted-co

https://www.blackpast.org/glob....al-african-history/c

https://www.britannica.com/place/Comoros

https://www.csmonitor.com/Worl....d/Global-News/2009/1

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Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Lullaby - Cooper Canell

Night Snow - Asher Fulero

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Chemical fertilizer produces 300 times more harmful chemicals than carbon emission.

IMANI-GIZ Reform Dialogue: Stakeholders assess the meaning of AfCFTA to Ghanaian businesses - The Pulse on JoyNews (10-3-21)

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