Afro-Caribbean culture is Afrikan culture in a Caribbean context. Afro-Caribbean languages are Afrikan languages of the Caribbean. Dr. Tristan Samuels (PhD in Africology from Temple University) examines Afro-Caribbean languages from an Afrikan-centered perspective.

Dr. Tristan Samuels is an Africologist who specializes in Race and Racism in antiquity, Classical Afrikan civilization, and Afro-Caribbean Languages.

academic works:
https://temple.academia.edu/TristanSamuels

La cultura Afrocaribeña es la cultura Afrikana en un contexto Caribeño. Las lenguas Afrocaribeñas son lenguas Afrikanas del Caribe. Dr. Tristan Samuels (PhD en Africología de la Universidad de Temple) examina los idiomas Afrocaribeños desde una perspectiva centrada en Afrika.

Dr. Tristan Samuels es un Africólogo que se especializa en Raza y Racismo en la antigüedad, la civilización Africana clásica y las lenguas Afrocaribeñas.

trabajos académicos:
https://temple.academia.edu/TristanSamuels

https://www.patreon.com/risenafrica

Also known as the ‘Uranium Capital of Africa’, Niger is the world’s fourth-largest producer of uranium ore, it provides 7.5 percent of the world's mining output, from Africa's highest-grade uranium ores, according to the World Nuclear Association. But as the usual narrative goes, uranium represents around 80 percent of the country’s exports but contributes only 5 percent to the national GDP.

Uranium is arguably the most strategic commodity for France and since its discovery in Niger a major chunk of the ore has been exclusively exported to France for over 50 years by Areva, the massive state-owned nuclear power company of France.

While Niger’s uranium lights the Eiffel Tower including one-third of households in France, add to that propping up France's nuclear superpower status, the people of Arlit and Akonan, popularly known as the twin mining towns in Niger – the real owners of this valuable wealth - are living in squalor.

When France began mining uranium ore in the deserts of northern Niger in the early 1970s they promised to build a ‘Little Paris’, in the country. However, the mining towns remain dusty and neglected, scoured by desert sandstorms and barely touched by the mineral wealth it ships off to Europe each year.

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Neuroscientist Justin Rhodes examines how clownfish brains change from male to female... and can have a female brain in a male body.

Researchers have offered a chemical explanation for sex change in a tropical fish. ↓↓More info and references below↓↓

For a tropical fish called the bluehead wrasse, sex isn’t always permanent. When a group of the fish loses its dominant male, the biggest female rapidly changes sex, taking on distinctive male coloring and producing mature sperm in as little as 8 days. Although this change is well documented, the molecular mechanisms that drive it have remained unclear. Now, an international group of researchers has offered a chemical explanation for the transformation after analyzing tissue samples from transitioning fish.

Read more:

Stress, novel sex genes, and epigenetic reprogramming orchestrate socially controlled sex change | Science Advances
https://advances.sciencemag.or....g/content/5/7/eaaw70

Music: “English Country Garden” by Aaron Kenny.

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Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when an organism changes sex at some point in its life. It’s seen in a few species of gastropods and plants, but mostly fish, like napoleon wrasse, clownfish, groupers and marine angelfish. This transformation involves the complete restructuring of their gonads, as well as changes in their morphology and behaviour. For these fish, sex change is a usual part in their life cycle, and it’s one that carries adaptive advantages.

Please like, comment and subscribe if you enjoy the video!

All images and videos used herein are 1) in the public domain, 2) used under a Creative Commons license, 3) used with a license, or 4) used under the parameters of Fair Use law.

References:
Avise JC & Mank JE. Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes. Sex Dev 2009;3:152–163.
Berglund A. Sequential hermaphroditism and the size-advantage hypothesis: an experimental test. Anim Behav 1990;30:426–433.
Todd EV, et al. Bending genders: the biology of natural sex change in fish. Sex Dev 2016;10:223–241.
Casas L, et al. Sex change in clownfish: molecular insights from transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2016;6:35461.
Goikoetxea A, et al. Stress and sex: does cortisol mediate sex change in fish? Reproduction 2017;154:R149–R160.
Kazancioğlu E & Alonzo SH. Costs of changing sex do not explain why sequential hermaphroditism is rare. Am Nat 2009;173:327–336.
Waples RS, et al. Consequences of sex change for effective population size. Proc Biol Sci 2018;285:20181702.
Muñoz RC & Warner RR. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. Am Nat 2003;161:749–761.

Credits:
ふうけ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Kobudai150
prilfish. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....silkebaron/232002459
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Orange_sku
Sasuke Tsujita. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD2-ZZsWBYs&ab_channel=SasukeTsujita
フリッパーダイブセンター 群馬県伊勢崎市のダイビングショップ FLIPPER dive center. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YLywPkUjM&ab_channel=%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%9C%8C%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97FLIPPERdivecenter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sr7rPhfWCc&ab_channel=SCUBADIVINGPRO-SHOPMAHI-MAHI
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_clo
Carl Malamud. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_Gob
Rickard Zerpe.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/....krokodiver/238064296
alif_abdulrahman. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....alif_abdulrahman/188
aquarist.me. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....aquarist/7075443335/
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3020
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3150

#sexchangingfish #sexchange #naturalselection #hermaphroditism #sequentialhermaphroditism #hermaphrodite #biology #evolutionarybiology #zoology #clownfish #kobudai #asiansheepshead

This specialist hunter knows just how dangerous their prey can be. To solve this problem, they hypnotise crabs by changing the colour of their skin.
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#BluePlanetII

Watch more:
Planet Earth http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthPlaylist
Blue Planet http://bit.ly/BluePlanetPlaylist
Planet Earth II http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthIIPlaylist
Planet Dinosaur https://bit.ly/PlanetDinosaurPlaylist

Taken From Blue Planet II
This bold cinematic experience takes viewers on a magical adventure across the greatest, yet least known, parts of our planet – our oceans. Since Blue Planet aired in 2001, our understanding of life beneath the waves has completely changed. Travelling from the icy polar seas to the vibrant blues of the coral atolls, this series shares these astonishing new discoveries. Meet the strange octopuses lurking in the depths of the Antarctic Ocean. Watch giant trevally fish leap to catch birds in mid-air. And ride on the back of a hammerhead shark as it attacks. Inspiring awe and wonder, Blue Planet II reveals surprising new places, charismatic new characters and extraordinary new behaviours.

Welcome to BBC EARTH! The world is an amazing place full of stories, beauty and natural wonder. Here you'll find 50 years worth of entertaining and thought-provoking natural history content. Dramatic, rare, and exclusive, nature doesn't get more exciting than this.

Want to share your views with the team? Join our BBC Studios Voice: https://www.bbcstudiosvoice.com/register

This is a commercial page from BBC Studios. Service information and feedback: http://bbcworldwide.com/vod-fe....edback--contact-deta

In every female kobudai... is a male in waiting.
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/BBCEarthSub

#BluePlanetII

Watch more:
Planet Earth http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthPlaylist
Blue Planet http://bit.ly/BluePlanetPlaylist
Planet Earth II http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthIIPlaylist
Planet Dinosaur http://bit.ly/PlanetDinoPlaylist

Taken From Blue Planet II
This bold cinematic experience takes viewers on a magical adventure across the greatest, yet least known, parts of our planet – our oceans. Since Blue Planet aired in 2001, our understanding of life beneath the waves has completely changed. Travelling from the icy polar seas to the vibrant blues of the coral atolls, this series shares these astonishing new discoveries. Meet the strange octopuses lurking in the depths of the Antarctic Ocean. Watch giant trevally fish leap to catch birds in mid-air. And ride on the back of a hammerhead shark as it attacks. Inspiring awe and wonder, Blue Planet II reveals surprising new places, charismatic new characters and extraordinary new behaviours.

Welcome to BBC EARTH! The world is an amazing place full of stories, beauty and natural wonder. Here you'll find 50 years worth of entertaining and thought-provoking natural history content. Dramatic, rare, and exclusive, nature doesn't get more exciting than this.

Want to share your views with the team? Join our BBC Studios Voice: https://www.bbcstudiosvoice.com/register

This is a commercial page from BBC Studios. Service information and feedback: http://bbcworldwide.com/vod-fe....edback--contact-deta

⁣ABIBITUMI HONORS BABA RUNOKO RASHIDI AUGUST 8TH, 5PM GHANA TIME

This video is about whether Nigerian cultures are dying in the diaspora. Is the Igbo culture dying inside and outside of Nigeria? Why are Igbos' no longer speaking Igbo or teaching their children the language. How to ensure the continuation of African culture especially in the diaspora where there are external forces working against it.

Udochi, founder of Ikenga Nation chat about our experiences in the diaspora.

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If you do decide to use Sendwave, use my promo code IVEOMA. It is a fantastic way to support the movement to help Diaspora invest in Nigeria.

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There is more livestock diversity in Africa than on any other continent. Some indigenous breeds of cattle, goats and sheep are disease resistant, and others can withstand feed and water shortages. But most are less productive than some imported breeds and so do not meet farmers needs.

Millions of poor livestock keepers are importing animals, or cross breeding with imported breeds to get more productive livestock. But imported breeds need expensive care because they are much less hardy, and animal deaths are increasing.

There is a danger that many of Africa's indigenous hardy livestock breeds will disappear, just as climate changes and population growth is making their hardy traits increasingly important for food security across the region.

This film tells the story of a unique research and development project that aims to increase understanding of trypanotolerant livestock and the people who rear them along with what is needed to improve markets and processing for livestock products. This information will then be
combined with better feeding and breeding schemes, farmer training and policy changes to make indigenous animals more profitable for poor farmers, so that their future use becomes sustainable.