After ten years of fighting, peace between the Tuareg guerrillas and government troops was recently signed. The war and the crisis of modernity have endangered the secular caravan carrying salt on camels from the Aïr to Agadez. This year, two Tuareg children can accompany their families in this trailer for the first time in a climate of peace, and this chapter of the series will see the generational change of the Tuareg tradition thanks to the friendship of these two children whose families were on opposite sides during the past conflict.

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To Europeans, the veiled men looking down proudly from the backs of their camels have always embodied the noble knights of the desert. Up until now we have heard little about the mothers, the wives, and sisters of the Tuareg nomads in the forgotten edges of the Sahara. The film documents the independence and vitality of these sisters of the dunes.

Original titel: Adalil - The mistress of tents
A film by Sylvie Banuls and Peter Heller
© 1990, Filmkraft Peter Heller

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In this documentary, we will travel to the heart of Western Sahara, the last remaining unexplored region of the great African desert.
We will meet the nomads that inhabit this land, learn about their fascinating customs, their atavistic rites; the birthplace of an ancient empire. They are the ULAD EL MIZNA, the Children of the Cloud.

The immense desert which comprises the Western Sahara, almost 250,000 km in size, is one of the least-known, and most hostile regions in the world.

In 1976, exile began for the Sahrawi nation, which since then has been crowded into refugee camps in the barren hammada of TINDUF, in extreme living conditions and depending for their survival on international aid.
The unequal war between the FRENTE POLISARIO and Morocco in order to achieve freedom for their country has led to poverty, desolation and an unbearable cost in human lives.

In exile, the Sahrawi nation has, with the few available resources, managed to create a rudimentary but efficient system of administration. The population, some 170,000 people, has organised itself into WILAYAS and DARÍAS, assemblies of neighbours at which they discuss the problems of the community.

Mauritania is a country entirely of desert and with a fascinating history.
The terrifying canyons of the AMOJIAR ravine, its vertical walls, and the frequent landslides formed part of the dangers of the road which the ancient caravans had to negotiate in order to reach the mythical cities of the Gold Route. The lost cities of Mauritania. The mosque is the most important building in Chinguetti and perhaps in all of Mauritania. Every year, below its minaret, of dry-stone masonry and reconstructed several times, thousands of the Turab al Bidan faithful gathered to set out on the pilgrimage to Mecca.
For this reason, Chinguetti was considered the seventh holy city of Islam.

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Nelson Mandela commencement speaker at Southern University A & M College Baton Rouge [2000]

Sudan, the biggest country in Africa. In the south the Nile with its feeder rivers dominates an almost impenetrable swamp landscape. Towards the north begins the Savanna, which blends into the Egyptian desert farther on. Since time immemorial camels have marked the dry areas of the land and determined the lifestyle of the various nomadic tribes.

Nearly all of Ethiopia’s old-growth forest has disappeared. This film tells the story of Ethiopia’s church forests–pockets of lush biodiversity that surround hundreds of churches—and the efforts to protect them. Directed by Jeremy Seifert. This film premiered in the seventh issue of Emergence Magazine on "Trees" with an accompanying essay by Fred Bahnson.

Read or listen to the essay here: http://www.emergencemagazine.o....rg/story/the-church-
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In Benin, boys move toward manhood in a test of endurance by the sting of a whip.

A film by Bruno Sorrentino

From the moment he was born, Erodo, a Kenyan boy born to a tribe of cattle nomads in 1992, has had his life documented by filmmaker Bruno Sorrentino. Over the last 20 years his life has been shaped by ethnic violence and by the tension between his father's desire to continue the old traditions of herding and his mother's belief that settled society and education are the future.

At Al Jazeera English, we focus on people and events that affect people's lives. We bring topics to light that often go under-reported, listening to all sides of the story and giving a 'voice to the voiceless.'Reaching more than 270 million households in over 140 countries across the globe, our viewers trust Al Jazeera English to keep them informed, inspired, and entertained.

Our impartial, fact-based reporting wins worldwide praise and respect. It is our unique brand of journalism that the world has come to rely on.We are reshaping global media and constantly working to strengthen our reputation as one of the world's most respected news and current affairs channels.

How do subterranean cities of ants look like? 10 tons of cement were required to fill the wholes and tunnels. Then it took weeks to uncover the secret megalopolis of the ants. With the help of mechanical diggers, brazilian scientists removed tons of earth. At last, the scientists begin to see the structure of the city state.

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Twitter: https://twitter.com/stephaniesamma
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stephaniesammann

Credits:

Writer/Narrator/Editor: Stephanie Sammann
Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanh....ennessy1)Illustrator Kirtan Patel (https://kpatart.com/illustrations)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster (https://twitter.com/forgottentowel)
Producer: Brian McManus (https://www.youtube.com/c/realengineering)

Imagery courtesy of Getty Images

References:

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC72123
[2] https://www.antscanada.com/ant-biology/
[3]https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/e
[4] https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/abs/
[5] Hölldobler, B., & Wilson, E. O. (1994). Journey to the ants: A story of scientific exploration.
[6] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/10.1002/jmor.1
[7] https://www.npr.org/2008/11/29..../97547749/the-secret
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Selfish_Gene
[9] https://www.pbs.org/video/eo-w....ilson-ants-and-men-f