Mwalimu ⁣Julius Nyerere on the East African Federation (1966)

Some basic introduction on Fighting Positions in Urbanized Terrain according to a US Marine Corps Manual.

In an attempt to shield itself from the armed group al-Shabab, Kenya has started construction on a 700km-long wall along its porous border with Somalia.

The ambitious project, which consists of brick walls, fences and observation posts, will stretch from the town of Mandera in the north to Kiunga in the south. The goal is to lock out al-Qaeda-aligned fighters who have repeatedly crossed into Kenya to wage attacks.

Kenya, an al-Shabab target due to its military involvement in Somalia, has seen an upsurge in large scale attacks recently.

Earlier this year, 148 people, including 142 students, were killed after gunmen stormed the Garissa University College, some 200km from the Somalia border .

The massacre piled new pressure on Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta to deal with the group which has killed more than 400 people in the country over the past two years.

In Kenya's Enemy Within we look at the government's proposed border wall and whether it will help stop attacks on Kenyan soil.

Investigative journalist John Allan Namu speaks to people with direct access to the project, who say the plan is unfeasible and won't enhance the country's security.

We hear how corruption among immigration officials, poor coordination with intelligence agencies and slow responses from the security forces have left Kenya unable to stem the attacks.

With exclusive access to al-Shabab fighters in Kenya, we are told how the wall represents a futile effort to shut out the group and the biggest threat the country is facing is from within.

We also speak to the Muslim community who say that constant harassment and intimidation at the hands of security forces, and scare-mongering by the government, are helping drive al-Shabab's recruitment and creating the perfect breeding ground for the group.

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A hotel is the latest flashpoint in a long running conflict in Cabo Delgado, in northern Mozambique.

ISIL-linked fighters besieged the town of Palma, forcing nearly 200 people to seek refuge in a resort.

Many are foreign nationals working on a natural gas project.

The latest assault by the ISIL-linked Al Shabab (not related to the Somali group of the same name) highlights increasing instability in the gas-rich province.

Could the unrest intensify?

Presenter: Mohammed Jamjoom

Guests:

Zenaida Machado - Human Rights Watch

Jasmine Opperman - Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project

Fernando Lima - Journalist and political commentator Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro.

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#Mozambique #InsideStory

Through his fiction and non-fiction works, Nigerian author Chinua Achebe has sought to repair the damage done to the continent of Africa and its people as a result of European colonization. This is best exemplified in his most famous novel "Things Fall Apart," one of the first African novels written in English to achieve national acclaim. Set in the 1890s, the novel deals with the impact of British colonialism on the traditional Igbo society in Nigeria. Published in 1958 -- just two years before the end of a century of British rule in Nigeria -- the novel celebrated its 50th anniversary of publication in 2008. "An Evening with Chinua Achebe" featured the author reading from his celebrated work.

On the Sea Islands along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia, a painful chapter of American history is playing out again. These islands are home to the Gullah or Geechee people, the descendants of enslaved Africans who were brought to work at the plantations that once ran down the southern Atlantic coast. After the Civil War, many former slaves on the Sea Islands bought portions of the land where their descendants have lived and farmed for generations. That property, much of it undeveloped waterfront land, is now some of the most expensive real estate in the country.

But the Gullah are now discovering that land ownership on the Sea Islands isn’t quite what it seemed. Local landowners are struggling to hold on to their ancestral land as resort developers with deep pockets exploit obscure legal loopholes to force the property into court-mandated auctions. These tactics have successfully fueled a tourism boom that now attracts more than 2 million visitors a year. Gullah communities have all but disappeared, replaced by upscale resorts and opulent gated developments that new locals — golfers, tourists, and mostly white retirees — fondly call “plantations.”

Faced with an epic case of déjà vu, the Gullah are scrambling for solutions as their livelihood and culture vanish, one waterfront mansion at a time.

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Mathematical mysteries have challenged humanity’s most powerful thinkers and inspired passionate, lifelong obsessions in search of answers. From the strangeness of prime numbers and the nature of infinity, to the turbulent flow of fluids and the geometry of hyperspace, mathematics is our most potent tool for revealing immutable truths. The event was a vibrant tour to the boundaries of the mathematical universe, and explore the deep puzzles that have been solved, the masterminds who powered the breakthroughs, and the towering challenges that have shaken the confidence of some of today’s most accomplished mathematicians—even as they enlist new ways to pursue mathematical truths.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

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Original Program Date: June 3, 2011
MODERATOR: Robert Krulwich
PARTICIPANTS: Jonathan Borwein, Keith Devlin, Marcus du Sautoy, Simon Singh

Welcome to the Mathematical Universe. 00:00

Participant Introductions. 01:50

What about math got you interested in the subject? 04:07

Is math an instinct in humans? 10:20

When in history did the number come into existence? 15:22

Math was key to ancient survival. 20:27

1+1=0 Adding in binary. 25:59

Why are some people better at math than others? 26:55

Nontransitive dice game. 33:44

What's the best story about math... Infinite primes? 38:05

Do all math problems have an answer? 44:33

The computer replacing the mathematician? 54:40

Can we mathematically understand the universe we are in without seeing it? 58:48

Perfect Rigour and Grigori Perelman solved the Poincare Conjecture 01:03:10

If you have determination math is easy. 01:09:09

Mathematics is hierarchical and you need to start from the beginning. 01:13:07

"The infinite! No other question has ever moved so profoundly the spirit of man," said David Hilbert, one of the most influential mathematicians of the 19th century. A subject extensively studied by philosophers, mathematicians, and more recently, physicists and cosmologists, infinity still stands as an enigma of the intellectual world. Thinkers clash over questions such as: Does infinity exist? Can it be found in the physical world? What types of infinity are there? Through an interdisciplinary discussion with some of the world's leading thinkers, this program will delve into the many facets of infinity and address some of the deepest questions and controversies that mention of the infinite continues to inspire.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF.
Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldscience...
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Original Program Date: May 31, 2013
MODERATOR: Keith Devlin
PARTICIPANTS: Raphael Bousso, Philip Clayton, Steven Strogatz, W. Hugh Woodin

What is Infinity? 00:04

Philip Clayton and the history of Infinity? 2:34

Philosopher Mahavira's role in infinity. 7:22

Steven Strogatz and the mathematics of infinity. 14:16

Hilbert's infinite hotel 18:04

What is Cantor's diagonal proof? 25:05

Continuum hypothesis and what it means to infinity. 28:16

Hugh Woodin and solving the Continuum hypothesis 29:44

Raphael Bousso on infinity and its role in physics. 37:20

Using infinity to make accurate predictions. 47:35

Infinity: Mathematics, Physics and Philosophy. 53:04

Mathematical equivalence of full sentences. 57:10

What is infinity only works as a mental concept? 1:06:30

Final thoughts on infinity? 1:14:20

Mysteriously beautiful fractals are shaking up the world of mathematics and deepening our understanding of nature. You may not know it, but fractals, like the air you breathe, are all around you. Their irregular, repeating shapes are found in cloud formations and tree limbs, in stalks of broccoli and craggy mountain ranges, even in the rhythm of the human heart. For centuries, fractal-like irregular shapes were considered beyond the boundaries of mathematical understanding. Now, mathematicians have finally begun mapping this uncharted territory. Their remarkable findings are deepening our understanding of nature and stimulating a new wave of scientific, medical, and artistic innovation stretching from the ecology of the rain forest to fashion design. The documentary highlights a host of filmmakers, fashion designers, physicians, and researchers who are using fractal geometry to innovate and inspire.

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Consciousness is a terrible curse. Or so says a character in screenwriter/director Charlie Kaufman’s Being John Malkovich. Part theater of the absurd and part neuroscience fiction, the Oscar-winning filmmaker’s work captures the splintering between what we perceive and what we feel as our brains grapple with multiple layers of reality. Neuroscientist Giulio Tononi, one of the world’s leading sleep researchers, casts new light on the science of the mind, probing where and how consciousness is generated in the brain. Watch this spellbinding conversation between Kaufman, Tononi, and moderator Alan Alda as they explore and explain the art, science, and mystery of consciousness.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from WSF.
Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
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Original Program Date: June 5, 2010
MODERATOR: Alan Alda
PARTICIPANTS: Charlie Kaufman, Giulio Tononi

Alan Alda Introduction 00:00

Participant Introductions 03:45

Being John Malkovich setup video. 05:45

Charlie, what led you to that part of consciousness? 07:05

Just know where stuff happens in the brain doesn't give you understanding of consciousness? 17:02

Whats the theory of what brings us consciousness? 27:45

Does consciousness have to do with individual elements that make up the whole? 31:55

Alan Alda gets tested on binocular rivalry. 38:47

Being John Malkovich helps explain inattentional blindness. 44:41

The rivalry of body vs consciousness 52:05

The Human brain vs an AI brain. 58:12

Finding consciousness by identifying what it is not. 01:07:00

What is sleep for? 01:18:02

Emotion tied to consciousness. 01:22:02