Three health workers risk their lives to battle Ebola in a war zone.

FRONTLINE reports from inside the second-largest Ebola outbreak ever in a region of the Democratic Republic of Congo devastated by decades of conflict.

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On 2 October 1958, Guinea became the first of France’s colonial territories in Sub-Saharan Africa to declare its independence in an act of defiance against its former colonial master.

Ahmed Sekou Toure, known as a charismatic and radical figure in Africa's post-colonial history, was the leader of the country at the time and he was driving this rebellion by the former French Colony.

However, Guinea and Sekou Toure, achieved this status of independence against the wishes of its former colonial master, France, and afterwards the nation faced an onslaught of administrative and diplomatic assault by the French which seemed to have been designed to drive the country to its knees.

The french colonial elite in Paris got so furious with Sekou Toure’s defiance, such that in an act of fury the french administration in Guinea destroyed everything in the country which represented what they called the benefits from french colonization.

After this whole fiasco, Toure would go on to rule the country of Guinea for 26 years, and his time in power and legacy divided opinions.

In this episode of African Biographics, we look at the life and legacy of Ahmed Sekou Toure, Guinea’s first president who stood up to the French, and his time in power as the leader of that country.

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Sources:

The State of Africa Since Independence by Martin Meredith (2011)

THE CHALLENGE OF GUINEAN INDEPENDENCE, 1958-1971 by Mairi Stewart MacDonald (2009)

FIGHTING TALK: THE INDEPENDENT STATES OF AFRICA ,November 1961

The historical basis of French actions in Africa

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sekou-Toure

https://www.encyclopedia.com/p....eople/history/french

https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/full/10.1080/14682

https://face2faceafrica.com/ar....ticle/the-speech-by-

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/0....3/28/obituaries/ahme

https://www.google.com/amp/s/w....ww.africanexponent.c

https://www.google.com/amp/s/w....ww.theafricareport.c

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Music:

Lamentation Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/


Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/


Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100564
Artist: http://incompetech.com/


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Feel free to reach out to us at africanbiographics@gmail.com

On March 7, 2004, Zimbabwean authorities arrested about seventy men at the Harare International airport for illegal arms trafficking and immigration violations.

It soon came to the surface that these men in question were mercenaries that were on their way to Malabo, the capital of Equatorial Guinea to overthrow the long time leader of the country, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.

These mercenaries had been organised by mainly British Financiers including Mark Thatcher, the son of the former UK Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.

The leader of this group was Simon Mann , a former partner in the defunct private military firm Executive Outcomes. As their cover story, Simon Mann claimed that they were picking up weapons for a security job at a mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

A day later, fifteen more men were arrested in Equatorial Guinea and they were linked to the group that had been arrested in Harare, Zimbabwe. After about two weeks, the conspirators in each country signed confessions admitting that they were headed to Equatorial Guinea to stage this infamous coup, known as the Wonga Coup. With Wonga being British slang for money.

In this Episode of African Biographics, we look at the perpetrators of the coup, as well as an account of this audacious, ,yet error-prone 2004 coup attempt against The President of Equatorial Guinea by these mercenaries.

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Sources:

https://www.amazon.com/Wonga-C....oup-Ruthless-Determi

https://jbcrocket.medium.com/w....hen-margaret-thatche

https://www.csis.org/analysis/....wonga-coup-transpare

https://edition.cnn.com/2009/W....ORLD/africa/11/03/gu

https://www.theafricareport.co....m/7355/simon-mann-a-

https://www.csmonitor.com/Worl....d/Global-News/2009/1

https://www.aljazeera.com/news..../2011/10/28/uk-merce (video)

https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Simon_Mann

https://www.google.com/amp/s/m....obile.reuters.com/ar

https://www.google.com/amp/s/w....ww.aljazeera.com/amp

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3597450.stm

http://www.raceandhistory.com/....selfnews/viewnews.cg

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13317174


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Afristory Productions Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w34L4Qu2Deg&t=714s

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Music:

Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100183
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Whimsy Groove Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Feel free to reach out to us at africanbiographics@gmail.com

http://www.weforum.org/

How can Africa's leaders persuade terrorists to put down their weapons and mitigate spillover effects?

Dimensions to be addressed:
- Integrating internally displaced persons
- Defusing the drivers of terrorism
- Fostering local, regional and international cooperation

•Hafsat Abiola-Costello, Special Adviser and Member of the State Cabinet, Ogun State Government, Nigeria; Young Global Leader; Global Agenda Council on Fragility, Violence & Conflict.
•Abdirahman Yusuf Ali Aynte, Minister of Planning and International Cooperation of Somalia.
•Erastus J. O. Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson, African Union, Addis Ababa; Global Agenda Council on the Future of Regional Organizations.
•Kennedy Odede, President, Chief Executive Officer and Founder, Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO), USA; Young Global Leader.
•Anton du Plessis, Managing Director, Institute for Security Studies (ISS), South Africa; Young Global Leader; Global Agenda Council on Fragility, Violence & Conflict.

Moderated by Bobby Ghosh, Managing Editor, Quartz - Atlantic Media, USA.

Among the thousands of hunters enlisted by the Nigerian army to track and capture Boko Haram fighters, one stands out from the crowd.

Aisha Bakari Gombi towers over her band of hunters, one of the few women who has joined the fight against one of the deadliest armed groups in Africa.

With her shotgun slung over her shoulder, she ventures into the scrub of Borno, the northeastern province of Nigeria long plagued by Boko Haram attacks, hunting down their fighters.

Her bravery and keen hunting abilities have earned her the title of 'Queen Hunter'.

Government troops are quick to call on Aisha for her skills but slow to reward her efforts financially.

While she is unable to liberate many more captives held by Boko Haram due to a lack of resources, she will never stop trying.

Dive into the multiple worlds of Aisha, a commander, a hunter and a wife.

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When Moammar Gadhafi’s regime collapsed in 2011, Libya was left leaderless. In the ensuing years, rebel militias have battled one another for control of the country in a series of deadly bombings and shootouts. With fighting unavoidable and no end in sight, Libyan civilians are picking up AK-47s and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) to protect their families from the militias.
Of course, they don't have to look far. Libya’s parliament estimates that 15 million weapons—many left over from Gadhafi’s massive caches—are circulating within the country. That’s two and a half weapons per person. Times being what they are, many use social media to source their household arms. Since the beginning of the year, Vocativ has been monitoring Facebook and other online activity in Libya to track this phenomenon. What we discovered was a virtual arms market, complete with dealers claiming to live in Tripoli, advertised prices and hagglers in the comment section.

In a video report from on the ground in Tripoli, Vocativ producer Lindsay Snell meets with an arms dealer who refers to himself as “Batsha.” Squatting over his collection of ammunition and firearms, Batsha selects a weapon and demonstrates how to load it. “This is a Kalashkinov. It is the most popular weapon in Libya. It costs $1,200,” he says as he cocks the rifle. After rattling off a list of the other guns and missiles up for sale (their prices range from $800 to $5,000), he says, “Everyone in Libya is armed. Everyone has a weapon.”

After speaking with a handful of civilians during our visit to Tripoli, Batsha’s claim that virtually all of Libya packs heat checks out. “Everyone has to be armed. We don’t trust the militias, we don’t trust the government, we don’t trust anyone,” says university student Ahmed Klisel, AK-47 in hand. "It’s really easy to obtain weapons in Libya. An AK-47 is a necessity in every household. More households have more than one. Or they have an AK-47 and a few pistols, handguns.”

And it’s not just men who carry weapons. Fidgeting with a small handgun, single mother Hind Ahmed Benghagab says, “We never thought we would see the day where Libyan women would need guns.”

With the massive surplus of military-grade weapons and the ease of purchase, deadly armaments often wind up in the wrong hands. According to a recent U.N. report, violent militant groups from Boko Haram in Nigeria to jihadis in Syria have obtained guns and other arms from Libya. While strife and chaos is Gadhafi's endowment to the nation he ruled with an iron fist, it's the second lives of the weapons he amassed and left behind that may be his lasting and violent global legacy.

http://voc.tv/1rxGA4D

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The continent of Africa has had it’s fair share of mercenaries who are hired by different parties to help with either effecting regime change or for purposes of protecting countries from insurgent forces.

One of the most popular of these was a man called Bob Denard who became legendary for his role in attempting to overthrow regimes in a series of wars that accompanied the decolonisation of Africa, during the 1960s and 1970s

Claiming to have support from France for operations meant to retain French influence in its former colonies, Bob called himself the “Pirate of the Republic” in a career which began in Congo and ended in the Comoros islands.

Bob Denard was involved in four of the 19 coup attempts that have shaken the Comoros archipelago since the islands won independence from France in 1975. At one point he was considered as the de facto leader of the Comoros.

Many Comorians blamed him for destabilising the islands, as well as other parts of Africa.
In this episode of African Biographics, we look at the illustrious career of Robert Denard, a career mercenary who played a part in charting the course of history in a few African countries.

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Sources:

The Mercenary Position, Howard French, Transition, No. 73 (1997), pp. 110-121 (12 pages), Published By: Indiana University Press

https://nationalinterest.org/b....log/buzz/one-man%E2%

https://www.google.com/amp/s/a....mp.theguardian.com/n

https://apnews.com/article/613....41e6567bac4d21383431

https://link.springer.com/chap....ter/10.1007/978-1-34

https://www.cairn-int.info/art....icle-E_VIN_141_0143-

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7044019.stm

https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueReddit/comments/6b0jvu/one_man_private_army_story_of_french_mercenary/utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share

https://en.topwar.ru/172246-bo....b-denar-korol-naemni

https://www.youngpioneertours.....com/dprk-thwarted-co

https://www.blackpast.org/glob....al-african-history/c

https://www.britannica.com/place/Comoros

https://www.csmonitor.com/Worl....d/Global-News/2009/1

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Music:

Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100564
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Emmit Fenn | Allégro - YouTube

Lullaby - Cooper Canell

Night Snow - Asher Fulero

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#BobDenard #Mercenaries #Africa