How centuries of division built one of the most unequal countries on earth.

For decades, South Africa was under apartheid: a series of laws that divided people by race. Then, in the 1990s, those laws were dismantled. But many of the barriers they created continue to divide South Africans by skin color - which in turn determines their quality of life, access to jobs, and wealth. Racial division was built into the fabric of cities throughout South Africa, and it still hasn't been uprooted.That's partly because, while apartheid was the culmination of South Africa's racial divisions, it wasn't the beginning of them. That story starts closer to the 1800s, when the British built a network of railroads that transformed the region's economy into one that excluded most Black people -- and then made that exclusion the law.

Sources and further reading:

If you want to learn more about the railroads and how they impacted Cape Colony’s economy, check out this paper by Johan Fourie and Alonso Herranz Loncan:https://academic.oup.com/ereh/....article-abstract/22/

To understand segregation in South Africa’s major urban centers, take a look at this paper about segregation and inequality:
https://www.seri-sa.org/images..../SERI_Edged_out_repo

For more information on post-Apartheid cities, you can read this paper by Edgar Pieterse (who we feature in the video):
https://www.africancentreforci....ties.net/wp-content/

To explore the history and legacy of District Six, visit the District Six Museum website:https://www.districtsix.co.za/

Thanks for watching and let us know what you think in the comments!Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com​.

Ukraine says it Helped Rebels Defeat Russia's Wagner Forces in Mali | Vantage with Palki Sharma

Mali's armed forces and Russia's Wagner Mercenaries have been handed a heavy. Tuareg separatists killed a number of Wagner & Malian troops near the northern town of Tinzaouaten. Ukraine's Intelligence Agency says it helped the Tuareg forces, by giving them vital information. Russia says that this proves that Ukraine is working with terrorists. Will Mali emerge as a new theatre of the Russia-Ukraine war?

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Ukraine | Attack | Russia | Wagner | Junta Soldiers | Mali | Russia Ukraine War | Rebels | Firstpost | World News | News Live | Vantage | Palki Sharma | News

#ukraine #russia #wagner #juntasoldiers #mali #russiaukrainewar #rebels #firstpost #vantageonfirstpost #palkisharma #worldnews vantage is a ground-breaking news, opinions, and current affairs show from Firstpost. Catering to a global audience, Vantage covers the biggest news stories from a 360-degree perspective, giving viewers a chance to assess the impact of world events through a uniquely Indian lens.

The show is anchored by Palki Sharma, Managing Editor, Firstpost.

By breaking stereotypes, Vantage aims to challenge conventional wisdom and present an alternative view on global affairs, defying the norm and opening the door to new perspectives. The show goes beyond the headlines to uncover the hidden stories – making Vantage a destination for thought-provoking ideas.

Vantage airs Monday to Friday at 9 PM IST on Firstpost across all leading platforms.
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Long before the likes of Thomas Sankara, Robert Mugabe and Nelson Mandela burst onto the international scene as the faces of anti-imperialism in Africa, one man stood head and shoulders above his peers as the leading political voice and the very embodiment of Africa’s struggle against colonialism.

Ghana’s first president, Dr Kwame Nkrumah, took the world by storm as he led his nation to become the first black African nation to gain independence from the European powers. But just as Nkrumah’s revolutionary leadership in Ghana, would trigger a wave of independence movements all across sub-saharan Africa, his gradual decline and sudden overthrow would also become a familiar story across virtually all of Africa’s newly independent states.

This is the story of how Dr Kwame Nkrumah went from being Ghana’s messiah and a faultless hero to a political pariah, whose ultimate demise would lead to wild celebrations in the streets by the very same people that had once loved and adored him.

#Ghana #Africa #History

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Some of our recommended books and source material for our videos:

UNESCO General History of Africa: https://www.amazon.co.uk/General-History-Africa-Complete-Unesco/dp/1847012329/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=General+History+of+Africa&qid=1603434162&s=books&sr=1-1

The Scramble for Africa: https://amzn.to/2MiaoTs

The State of Africa: https://amzn.to/2YrmXya

Dictatorland: The Men Who Stole Africa: https://amzn.to/2MmQIhi

“Rwanda, Inc: How a Devastated Nation Became an Economic Model for the Developing World”. Available in all formats here: https://amzn.to/2S9QXNx

"A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It" which is available here: https://amzn.to/32l1ZV5

Christoph Gröner is one of the richest people in Germany. The son of two teachers, he has worked his way to the top. He believes that many children in Germany grow up without a fair chance and wants to step in. But can this really ease inequality?

Christoph Gröner does everything he can to drum up donations and convince the wealthy auction guests to raise their bids. The more the luxury watch for sale fetches, the more money there will be to pay for a new football field, or some extra tutoring, at a children's home. Christoph Gröner is one of the richest people in Germany - his company is now worth one billion euros, he tells us. For seven months, he let our cameras follow him - into board meetings, onto construction sites, through his daily life, and in his charity work. He knows that someone like him is an absolute exception in Germany. His parents were both teachers, and he still worked his way to the top. He believes that many children in Germany grow up without a fair chance. "What we see here is total failure across the board,” he says. "It starts with parents who just don’t get it and can’t do anything right. And then there’s an education policy that has opened the gates wide to the chaos we are experiencing today." Chistoph Gröner wants to step in where state institutions have failed. But can that really ease inequality?
In Germany, getting ahead depends more on where you come from than in most other industrialized countries, and social mobility is normally quite restricted. Those on top stay on top. The same goes for those at the bottom. A new study shows that Germany’s rich and poor both increasingly stay amongst themselves, without ever intermingling with other social strata. Even the middle class is buckling under the mounting pressure of an unsecure future. "Land of Inequality" searches for answers as to why. We talk to families, an underpaid nurse, as well as leading researchers and analysts such as economic Nobel Prize laureate Joseph Stiglitz, sociologist Jutta Allmendinger or the economist Raj Chetty, who conducted a Stanford investigation into how the middle class is now arming itself to improve their children’s outlooks.
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Watch Part I
Inequality - how wealth becomes power
https://youtu.be/AFIxi7BiScI
Part 3 Inequality - how wealth becomes power
https://youtu.be/wEufTD39xrw

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Unfair Trade Practices: Investigations begin into Illicit Dumping of Substandard Goods at Retail Market - The Market Place (12-5-21)

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