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Nelson Mandela addresses the participants of the World Economic Forum's 1999 Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland, and looks back on his struggle against apartheid and tenure as president of South Africa.

Dr Hastings Banda is one of the most underrated African dictators. During His 33 year rule, the country experienced the worst human rights violations and paternalistic control of the Malawians.

He controlled every aspect of their lives, treating his people as children and addressing his ministers as my boys

He banned televisions, beards, dreadlocks and long hair among men. Any sort of political dissent was ruthlessly dealt with through his secret police and Militia.

Though he never had children, he relied on the support of his official hostess and former secretary Cecilia Kadzamira and Kadzamira's uncle John Tembo, who saw themselves as his successors when he left power.

He is remembered on the continent as the only leader who maintained ties with the Apartheid South Africa and Portuguese regimes; backed Nixon in Vietnam and refused to support an armed struggle against the Ian Smith regime in Southern Rhodesia.

Foundation Green Ethiopia supports subsistence farmers in rural Ethiopia with afforestation. The cycle trees - forests - water - nutrition - life offer new perspectives and motivates farmer, women and youth associations to initiate their own projects. With great views from the stunning landscapes of Ethiopia and quotes from beneficiary farmers.

⁣Michael Palin - The Sahara

This week on Shady, our host, Lexy Lebsack, takes us into the underground world of human hair trafficking. Wigs and extensions are often made of real human hair, but have you ever questioned how that hair was sourced? Watch this episode of Shady to learn where hair really comes from!

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Shady is the side of the beauty world you haven't seen. Hosted by Refinery29 Senior Beauty Editor, Lexy Lebsack, the series swivels between the unexpected and uplifting, dives deep into the dark underbelly of beauty, gives a voice to those trampled by this quickly growing industry, and questions what it’s all worth. From counterfeit makeup to skin trafficking for cosmetic procedures, we go there.

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MARCUS GARVEY / GARVEY'S GHOST
BURNING SPEAR
Red, Gold and Green + Workshop

Produced by L. Lindo (Jack Ruby)
Arranged by Winston Rodney

News Review, Monday 10 May, 2021

⁣World News Today | 11 MAY 2021 | Eye Africa Tv - Gambia

Film by Sorious Samura and Clive Patterson

How political corruption is turning the country's spiralling youth unemployment into a threat to society.

You can witness the same scene at dawn every morning in Kenya's capital, Nairobi: thousands of young people in search of work are streaming out from the city's slums towards its industrial areas.

Most of them are neatly if simply dressed, many of them are full of optimism, but the vast majority are destined to be disappointed. Those that can afford it will try and cram onto a bus in an attempt to beat the crowds, the rest will weave their way on foot through the heavy morning commuter traffic. But when they arrive, the situation for all of them will invariably be the same as it was on the previous day and the day before that and on all the other preceding days.

They will spend an hour or so packed in their hundreds along the pavements and parking lots outside a factory, warehouse or office block, certificates of education and references from previous employers ready to hand, waiting patiently for something to happen.

The usual rumours pass from person to person, this company is said to need people with computer skills, that one needs fork lift truck drivers or perhaps some just some day laborers. But then a supervisor will step from the building and shout out that he can offer a day's work for four people with experience of working a lathe or two with secretarial skills.

Many step forward, a lucky few are selected at random and make their way inside, then the doors of the building close and the rest drift off to take up station at the next place or to make their long way back home - hopes dashed yet again.

A national disaster in the making?

George, a Kenyan in his early twenties, has graduated from university in December 2012 with a diploma in electrical engineering but so far he has been unable to find work.

"The chance I'm going to be chosen today is limited," he says. "I'm just gambling. You can stand here for as long as half a day, because you never know the time that you can be picked."

It is a story that is all too common. Joblessness among all people of working age is a serious problem in Kenya, but among young people, it is a catastrophe. The country has one of the largest youth populations in Africa, but roughly 70 percent of its working age youth - almost 10 million people - are unemployed, although a surprising number are very well educated and possess the kinds of skills a healthy economy really should be able to put to use.

In a country where almost 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35 some have labelled it a national disaster in the making, that may have serious social consequences and lead to civil unrest.

For a country that is still recovering from the scars of the widespread community violence that followed the 2007 election and which is still reeling from the aftermath of the al-Shabab Westgate mall terrorist attack in September 2013, it is a hint worth taking seriously.

Dr Alex Ezeh of the African Population and Health Research Centre in Nairobi put the significance of this youth population 'bulge' in context.

"It is a demographic event," he says. "It's something that many countries go through at different stages as they move from very high fertility and mortality to very low mortality, it creates this reservoir of people." But this, as he explained, can have positive and negative consequences.

"Generally, what makes it a good thing is our ability to harness the economic potential of such a large proportion of young people going into the labour market … There is a side of it, the more negative part of it, which is, if there are no jobs and no opportunities to engage, then you have a lot of young people understanding what is going on but they're disenfranchised politically, economically, and in many other ways, and this creates a lot of political instability."

The stark reality for the young people from the huge slums at Kibera and Mathare and elsewhere around Kenya's capital is that life without a job is extremely difficult. With no regular income many of them have to turn to crime to make a living. And even if they do not, they are often suspected of involvement in crime, which in turn leads to deadly entanglements with Kenya's notoriously trigger-happy police.

A generation pushed to the edge

When asked who should be doing what about Kenya's youth unemployment, the answer is clear. Successive governments in Kenya have done little to alleviate the plight of the jobless and should be doing more.


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Nigeria is plagued by human trafficking. Young women are lured to Europe by false promises. When they get to the EU, they are violently forced into prostitution and kept in debt. An escape is almost impossible.

Many young Nigerian women are drawn to the European Union by promises of good incomes and secure work, but they often pay a high price. The young women and their families go into debt to pay human traffickers for the journey. Once they are in Europe, the women are forced into prostitution rather than working as hairdressers or maids. The organized crime cartels behind this grim trade not only coerce the women and force them to work off their debts, they also threaten to kill their families back in Nigeria. But human rights campaigners say that the trafficking could not survive at all without willing customers.

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