In this video essay we take a deep dive into the enduring mystery of the African Humid Period or the Green Sahara. A period about 16,000-5,000 years ago when monsoonal rains brought a lush grassland to the Sahara Desert. We will be exploring the ancient civilizations that once called this land home as well as the biodiversity it once housed. All in an attempt to learn more about the mysterious and fascinating cultures that once existed in the Green Sahara.

CAVE OF SWIMMERS RING:
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VIDEO CHAPTERS
00:00 Intro
03:53 Ghosts of the Green Sahara
05:20 The Cave of Swimmers
07:45 When The Sahara Was Green
15:46 Back In Time
24:33 The Kufra River
28:32 The Wadi Sahabi Paleoriver
34:22 Lake Mega Chad
40:17 Gobero Burials Reprise
53:49 Ghosts of the Monsoon
57:48 Thank You and Outro

CITATIONS
1: https://paulsereno.uchicago.ed....u/discoveries/people
2: https://www.bradshawfoundation.....com/africa/gilf_keb
3: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41219-4
4:https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/283719223
5: [https://comptes-rendus.academi....e-sciences.fr/geosci the plausible assumption that,2 between the Tibesti%2C Al](https://comptes-rendus.academi....e-sciences.fr/geosci%20the%20plausible%20assumption%20that,2%20between%20the%20Tibesti%2C%20Al)
6: https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
7:https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/279629642
8: https://www.researchgate.net/f....igure/Location-maps-

Tribute to Dr. Nathan Hare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Hare

Hope you all enjoy!

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Abibifahodie!

Millions of tons of annual agricultural trade is now being conducted outside the US dollar, and within the new BRICS framework.

This represents a tectonic shift in global finance, as the dominant trading hubs of New York, Chicago, and London are replaced by a multipolar system of bilateral trades using national currencies and non-USD-denominated pricing and contracts.

The already huge volumes of trade in ag, energy, and raw materials are destroying price discovery in global markets. Decisionmakers and executives in Western companies are unable to see markets, nor can they know what parties are driving demand, nor which suppliers are emerging to meet that demand. Our senior-level business managers and planners are flying blind, and only after realizing giant losses we learn that we are now suppliers only of last resort: the BRICS countries and their allied countries across the world are producing and trading at prices far below our cost of production.

Resources and links:

Record U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit Forecasted to Keep Growing
https://www.fb.org/market-inte....l/record-u-s-agricul

Why U.S. agricultural exports are down almost 20% from last year
https://www.marketplace.org/20....23/09/29/why-us-agri

Why is China canceling US wheat shipments?
https://www.dw.com/en/why-is-c....hina-canceling-us-wh

Bloomberg, China’s Waning Hunger for Grain Spells Trouble for World Market
https://www.bloomberg.com/news..../articles/2024-06-12

Visual Capitalist: visualizing the BRICS expansion in 4 charts
https://www.visualcapitalist.c....om/visualizing-the-b

Inside China Business, China wrecks wheat markets in US, Europe, and Australia. Should American farmers sell off land?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtSXC6mdchM

CME Group futures markets for near-dated contracts
https://www.cmegroup.com/marke....ts/agriculture.html#

Futures heat map from
www.finviz.com / futures

Closing scene, Dalian, Liaoning province

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While the eruptions of the volcanoes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge usually don't trouble us, their birth was once responsible for ripping a supercontinent apart and creating the Atlantic Ocean that we know today.
 
Correction: 2:28 A change of 100˚C = a change of 180˚F
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