West Papua is one of the longest running independence movements in international politics. It is also one of the least known. For almost sixty years, the native Melanesian community has fought for independence from Indonesia. However, while the West Papua conflict is often thought of as a case of attempted secession, and is classed as such by most governments, it can also be thought of as a case of colonial self-determination.

Hello and welcome! My name is James Ker-Lindsay. Here I take an informed look at International Relations with a focus on territorial conflicts, secession, independence movements and new countries. If you like what you see, please do subscribe. If you want more, including exclusive content and benefits, consider becoming a channel member. Many thanks!

SUBSCRIBE FOR FREE http://www.youtube.com/c/James....KerLindsay?sub_confi
JOIN THE CHANNEL http://www.youtube.com/c/JamesKerLindsay/join

Although West New Guinea had been a part of the Dutch East Indies, it did not form a part of Indonesia when it became independent, in 1949. Instead it remained under the Netherlands, which argued that the Melanesian roots of the population meant it should have a separate right to statehood. However, over the following decade, the Indonesian Government exerted ever more pressure to have the territory put under its sovereignty. In the end, the Dutch capitulated. In 1962, the New York Agreement saw the creation of a temporary UN administration (UNTEA) over West New Guinea, or West Irian as it was also known, before it was passed on to Indonesia. As part of this agreement, a referendum was meant to have been held in 1969 to decide on whether West Papua would remain part of Indonesia or become independent. However, the eventual vote - the so-called Act of Free Choice - was deeply flawed. Despite this, the outcome was endorsed by the UN General Assembly. Since then, and against the backdrop of serious human rights abuses, West Papuan independence movement has campaigned and fought for another referendum. Although most of the world still regards the territory as part of Indonesia, it does seem that support is potentially growing.

CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:38 Secession, Self-Determination and West Papua
1:50 The Geography and Population of West Papua
2:47 The Historical Roots of the West Papua Dispute
4:25 How West Papua Became Part of Indonesia
6:02 West Papua under Indonesia Rule
7:35 The West Papua Independence Campaign since 2000
9:31 Emerging Tensions in West Papua
10:45 West Papua: Secession or Self-Determination?

RELATED PLAYLISTS
Current Issues and Disputes https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLUzSOLzcfKu
Secession and Independence in Asia and Oceania https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLUzSOLzcfKu

====================================
FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES

New York Agreement (1962) https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/A/5170
UN Resolution 2504 (XXIV) 1969 https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/657429?ln=en
United Liberation Movement for West Papua https://www.ulmwp.org
Free West Papua Campaign https://www.freewestpapua.org
Indonesia Ministry of Foreign Affairs https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en
The Road: Uprising in West Papua https://amzn.to/3xCoKTn
West Papua and Indonesia Since Suharto https://amzn.to/3xxajjf

==================================
MY BOOKS

Secession and State Creation: What Everyone Needs to Know https://amzn.to/2MPY3W2 [PRE-ORDER]
The Cyprus Problem: What Everyone Needs to Know https://amzn.to/2FaaBU2
Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balkans https://amzn.to/35jiBN2
The Foreign Policy of Counter-Secession https://amzn.to/2Qinm5t
My other books https://amzn.to/2MlP13u

==================================
MY PROFILES & SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS

Twitter http://www.twitter.com/JamesKerLindsay
LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/ja....mes-ker-lindsay-b31b
Academia.edu https://lse.academia.edu/JamesKerLindsay
Research Gate https://www.researchgate.net/p....rofile/James_Ker-Lin

==================================
EQUIPMENT& TOOL USED TO MAKE THIS VIDEO

Camera: Canon M50 https://amzn.to/35Hqc9y
Microphone: Røde VideoMic NTG https://amzn.to/2MAHBZj
Key Light: StudioPRO 1050W Softbox https://amzn.to/2okZAKW
Fill Light: Viltrox L116T https://amzn.to/2Mia86y
Teleprompter: Parrot 2 https://amzn.to/2VLcRsm
Tripod: Geekoto 79" Carbon Fibre https://amzn.to/2wWMNT1
Channel Analytics: TubeBuddy https://www.tubebuddy.com/JKL
Channel Images: http://www.istockphoto.com
Channel Graphics: https://motionvfx.sjv.io/NKB34O

==================================
KEYWORDS

#WestPapua #Indonesia #Independence
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
#InternationalLaw #InternationalHistory

DISCLAIMER: Some of the links above are affiliate links. These pay a small commission if you make a purchase. This helps to support the channel and will be at no additional cost to you.

This speech was delivered by Dr. Oba T'Shaka in Ft. Lauderdale Florida, before 4,000 Black people on the occasion of Dr. King's birthday. The speech was delivered on January 21, 1991 in the midst of the Gulf War, launched by George Herbert Walker Bush.
Dr. Oba T'Shaka was a March Marshall for Dr. King's Selma to Montgomery March, that produced Voter Rights legislation. Dr. T'Shaka, who led the San Francisco Freedom Movement, was arrested in Selma during those demonstrations.

The Image of Africa has been distorted around the globe and we are changing the narratives via Youtube videos One Country At Time.Until the history of Africa is told by Africans, the story of greatness will always glorify the imperialists.!It's Time For Africans To Unite, Embrace their Culture and be Proud of their Roots & Tell Their Own Story!-AFRICA TO THE WORLD..Subscribe to unlocked the Real Africa!
SUBSBCRIBE TO THEIR YOUTUBE CHANNEL
https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCiDBW8C_kan2vp90Y

Looking for a Short stay place in Ghana?
Book With
https://www.instagram.com/wood....buryluxuryapartments

One On One Consultation With WODEMAYA
https://aiyawodemaya.com/consultation/

We Need Your Support To Make This Project A Successful One

For Sponsorship Advertisement & Business Enquiries
hello@mayaempiregroup.com

Donate & Support the Channel on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/wode_maya

Purchase Our T-Shirt To Support Our Journey!
https://teespring.com/proudly-africa
https://teespring.com/wodemaya-africa-to-the-world
https://teespring.com/maya-africa-to-the-world
https://teespring.com/born-afr....ican-in-america-blac


Let's Interract On:
Twitter
https://twitter.com/wode_maya

Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/mrghanababy/

Like My Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/Wodemaya99/

I LOVE YOU

The Image of Africa has been distorted around the globe and we are changing the narratives via Youtube videos One Country At Time.Until the history of Africa is told by Africans, the story of greatness will always glorify the imperialists.!It's Time For Africans To Unite, Embrace their Culture and be Proud of their Roots & Tell Their Own Story!-AFRICA TO THE WORLD..Subscribe to unlocked the Real Africa!

Looking for a Short stay place in Ghana?
Book With
https://www.instagram.com/wood....buryluxuryapartments

One On One Consultation With WODEMAYA
https://aiyawodemaya.com/consultation/

We Need Your Support To Make This Project A Successful One

For Sponsorship Advertisement & Business Enquiries
hello@mayaempiregroup.com

Donate & Support the Channel on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/wode_maya

Purchase Our T-Shirt To Support Our Journey!
https://teespring.com/proudly-africa
https://teespring.com/wodemaya-africa-to-the-world
https://teespring.com/maya-africa-to-the-world
https://teespring.com/born-afr....ican-in-america-blac


Let's Interract On:
Twitter
https://twitter.com/wode_maya

Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/mrghanababy/

Like My Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/Wodemaya99/

I LOVE YOU

Professor Hunter Havlin Adams, III
Wayne Sebamurti Gentry

Simply asked, which country today is south of Egypt? How powerful is it? In ancient times what did it do to EGYPT? Where are the descendants of that Kingdom? Are current tribes in that country children of the older kingdom south of ancient Egypt? Are they Nubians, Kushites, Meroe, Or Sudanese? Are the Arabs ruling Egypt the sons and daughters of ancient Egyptians? Why is this powerful kingdom south of Egypt rarely taught in schools , universities or blasted in televisions Movies etc. Is Nubia that kingdom? Yet it has many names! Let us share a Brief history of Modern Sudan and WHY it is being hid from the mass consciousness. Sudan became independent in 1956.Then Why did the Republic of South Sudan secede from the North? The decision to secede can be traced to the northern Sudanese government's consistent policy of marginalization of the southern part of the country British colonial policy in Sudan had a long history of emphasizing development of the Arab north, and largely ignoring the Black African south, which lacked schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, and other basic infrastructure. After Sudan's first independent elections in 1958, the continued neglect of the southern region by the Khartoum government led to uprisings, revolt, and the longest civil war on the continent. Peoples affected by the violence included the Acholi, Anyuak, Baka, Balanda Bviri, Bari, Boya, Didinga, Dinka, Jiye, Kaligi, Kuku, Lotuka, Mundari, Murie, Nilotic, Nuer, Shilluk, Toposa and Zande. Are Nubians Black?
Are Nubians Africans? The answers again are in this video and very informative.
Find out more.
Watch, Comment, Share and Subscribe.
REFERENCES:
https://www.tellerreport.com/n....ews/--why-did-the-nu
EgyptSearch Forums: The Nubians of Egypt consider it an insult if you call them Sudanese.They’re Egyptian
Sudan Divided Identity, Divided Land P1.mkv
Sudan Divided Identity, Divided Land P2.mkv
Sudan Divided Identity, Divided Land P3.mkv
(1) There Is No Middle East - YouTube
Africa Afrika (tumblr.com)
NUBA PEOPLE: AFRICA`S ANCIENT PEOPLE OF SOUTH SUDAN (kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com)
Ancient Egypt (teacheroz.com)
Africa was Kush/Ethiopia!
History Wiped Out. The Dinka Nubians Connection From Central Sudanic Are The First Ancient Egyptians (cityscrollz.com)

⁣Hyena cub Neville is always last in the dinner queue, until he finds a dead antelope. Zebra foal Theo is threatened by a leopard. Teenage rhinoceros Vumbi seeks a mate.

"Black" vs. white but we are nowhere on the list

The video says it all

Please consider making donation to support Abibitumikasa by clicking here:
https://abibitumikasa.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=21

Chukwunyere Kamalu is the author of several books on African philosophy and culture including Foundations of African Thought (1990); Person Divinity and Nature (1998); The Little African History Book (2007); The Word at Face Value (2012, 2016). Chukwunyere has taught at the University of Reading (Black Studies and Social Psychology) and the University of the Arts, London (African philosophy ).
Chukwunyere is a trained research earth scientist and civil engineer, currently acting (since 2012) in the voluntary role of Chair of the Society of African Earth Scientists (saescientists.blogspot.com ). He also works in professional capacity as a financial accountant ( for past 20 years) and as a maths and science tutor in an African supplementary school since 2014.