Dizzy Gillespie and his Orchestra performing "Night in Tunisia", featuring Dizzy Gillespie - trumpet, Don Byas - tenor saxophone, Milt Jackson - vibraphone, Al Haig - piano, Bill DeArango - guitar, Ray Brown - bass, and J.C. Heard - drums . Recorded February 22, 1946 in New York.

For lead sheets complete with introductory verses, lyrics, and accurate chord changes, visit
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The JGC History series features specifically curated playlists to help trace the lineage of some of the most influential jazz compositions of all time.

Some notes about the composition from the JGC Real Book,

Composer: Dizzy Gillespie

Year: 1942

Origin: Introduced by Sarah Vaughan in 1944 as "Interlude".

Style: A combination of straight and swing feels, typically played at brighter tempos.

Form: A-A-B-A (32 Bars) [8-8-8-8]
The A sections are played straight with the exception of the final 2 bars, while the B section is swung. This arrangement commonly used for the head only with the solo section entirely swung.

Intro: The bassline that moves from bII7 - Imi6 is usually used to begin the performance, and there is also a counter-melody that goes along with it.

Send-off: After the head in a 12 bar send-off is used to lead into the solos. This is then followed by a solo break which is commonly 4 bars long. It is typically only used the first time around, although it is sometimes used to introduce every new soloist. This section is played entirely swung.

Shout Chorus: After all the melodic soloists are finished a shout chorus is sometimes included. The shout played during the A sections while the B section is left open to the drummer. Sonny rollins offers a concise interpretation of this arrangement on his recording from A Night at the Village Vanguard.

Key: D minor

Harmony/Overview: The harmony of this composition is mainly functional. The main theme revolves around the constant arrival of bII7 - Imi, which is essentially V7alt - Imi (tri-tone substitution). The bridge is identical to that of "Alone Together", taking place in the relative Major and moving from II - V of II before a II - V - I.

Recordings: This song has been recorded over 400 times to date and is a widely popular standard. The first recording comes from Sarah Vaughan in 1944 and was originally entitled "Interlude", featuring lyrics written by Sarah Vaughan and Anita O'Day. One of the earliest instrumental recordings of Dizzy Gillespie performing the piece comes a 1945 session with Boyd Raeburn and his Orchestra. Dizzy would later record and perform this piece many times throughout his career, leaving several particularly legendary recordings behind.

JGC Top Picks:
Sonny Rollins, A Night at the Village Vanguard, 1957
McCoy Tyner, Today and Tomorrow, 1963
Dave Liebman, Besame Mucho and Other Latin Jazz Standards, 1993

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📜 The First Opium War - Part 2 - Extra History
The tea trade flowing from China had left the British government in staggering debt. They had loaned huge amounts to the Honourable East India Company (EIC) to conquer India, and to pay their debts, the EIC turned that land into poppy fields and manufactured opium in huge quantities. Since China had banned the opium trade, the EIC set up a market in Calcutta (part of their Indian territory) and turned a blind eye to the black market traders who smuggled it into China. By 1839, over 6.6 million pounds of opium were being smuggled into China every year. The Chinese DaoGuang Emperor appointed an upright official named Lin Zexu to halt this opium trade. Lin orchestrated a massive campaign to arrest opium traders, force addicts into rehab, and confiscate pipes. He even laid siege to British warehouses when the merchants refused to turn over their opium supply, instead taking it all by force and burning it. The outraged merchants sought redress from their government, but although the Chief Superintendant Charles Elliot promised them restitution, the government never had any intention of paying them back. Amid the unrest, two British sailors brutally murdered a Chinese man. Lin Zexu demanded their extradition, but Elliot insisted on trying them aboard his ship and sentencing them himself. Lin Zexu had enough. He halted the British food supply and ordered the Portuguese to eject them from Macau. They retreated to a barren island off the coast (now known as Hong Kong). Since the island could not support them, Elliot petitioned the Chinese to sell them food again. He received no response. Then he sent men to collect it directly, but on their way back they were halted by the Chinese navy, and the first engagement of the Opium Wars began.

Learn about the disastrous Macartney Embassy that tried and failed to improve British trade relations with China: http://bit.ly/28Ro4B1

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In todays episode I share my shocking experience of my wild adventure in Orania, South Africa's infamous whites-only settlement!
As a black woman from Ethiopia, stepping into this community was like entering a whole new world.
In "Inside South Africa's Whites-Only Separatist Town: My Shocking Experience!", I spill all the tea on what went down during my trip.
Now, Orania might seem like a closed-off, mysterious place from the outside, but trust me, what went down inside will blow your mind.
Join me as I navigate the streets of Orania, meeting residents and uncovering the truths that define life in this secluded town.
Leaving Orania left me with more questions than answers. What's the deal with this place? Can we ever move past the mess of apartheid?

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In the conversation with Nick Cannon, Dr. Umar Johnson insists that Nick Cannon makes sure that his biracial children identify as black and he states that the womb of the white woman can produce African children.

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Decolonization of European terms like house slave field slave, coon, tom are terminology our enemies use to describe Africans we need to start using African words to describe racial traitors.

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SOURCES & FURTHER READINGThe Original Name For Africa: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse..../alkebulan-the-origi https://www.awaytoafrica.com/k....now-african-roots/Wh Was The Original Name For Africa: https://www.worldatlas.com/art....icles/what-was-the-o Etymologies: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....List_of_continent_na https://www.britannica.com/eve....nt/AfrocentrismAlkeb FB Post 1: https://www.facebook.com/USAfr....ika.gov/posts/in-kem FB Post 2: https://www.facebook.com/theaf....ricanhistory/posts/i