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Probability is the backbone of science, but how well do you understand it? Odds are, not as well as you think; it is a surprisingly subtle concept that is often misunderstood, sometimes even by professionals who use it to guide crucial and far-reaching decisions. In this program, experts from technology, physics, medicine, and programming explore the slippery side of probability and the powerful role it plays in modern life.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

Original Program Date: May 30, 2015
Host: John Hockenberry
Participants: Robert Green, Leonard Mlodinow, Masoud Mohseni, Alan Peters

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Thomas Bayes and the history of A.I. 00:05

John Hockenberry's Introduction 5:48

Participant Introductions 8:51

What is the quantum notion of probability? 10:42

Googles dilation refrigerator 18:41

The Monty Hall problem 22:55

The Girl Named Florida problem 31:33

How does probability influence the medical field 40:45

How can people empower themselves with probability 54:08

How machines calculate probability 1:02:16

What is the Robo-naut? 1:12:50

Are humans relying on probability to determine lifestyle? 1:17:40

When no one is looking, a particle has near limitless potential: it can be nearly anywhere. But measure it, and the particle snaps to one position. How do subatomic objects shed their quantum weirdness? Experts in the field of physics, including David Z. Albert, Sean Carroll, Sheldon Goldstein, Ruediger Schack, and moderator Brian Greene, discuss the history of quantum mechanics, current theories in the field, and possibilities for the future.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

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Visit our Website: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/
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Original Program date: May 29, 2014
Host: Brian Greene
Participants: David Z. Albert, Sean Carroll, Sheldon Goldstein, Ruediger Schack

Brian Greene's Introduction. 00:00

The double-slit experiment 4:03

Waves of probability. 10:50

Participant Introductions. 17:55

The classic outlook changed forever. 19:41

The Norman Ramsey approach to quantum mechanics. 22:44

The quantum measurement problem. 28:45

Does there need to be a clear separation between the quantum description and the observer? 31:44

How does the double slit fit into this example? 38:49

The many worlds approach to quantum mechanics. 45:48

If we can't see the other worlds, isn't that equal to believing in god or angels? 50:45

Summing up the many worlds theory. 59:52

Spontaneous collapse theory. 1:00:04

How do you make this theory precise. 1:08:00

Tallying the votes for collapse theory. 1:13:27

What is Qbism? 1:14:00

Does cubism gives a description of the world that needs an observer? 1:19:25

Two equations vs one. 1:27:04

The final vote for Qbism. 1:30:20

Forget what you think you know about dark matter. After a 30-year search for a single, as yet unidentified, species of dark matter particle that would make up some 25% of the mass of the universe, physicists are starting to consider novel explanations. Some envision invisible matter hiding within the folds of extra spatial dimensions. Others suggest not one kind of dark matter particle, but numerous species inhabiting a shadow universe. Others still conjecture that dark matter doesn’t exist, and instead propose that the laws of gravity need modification. We’ll bring together leading thinkers on dark matter—the revolutionary and conventional alike—for a distinctly unconventional discussion on the dark universe.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

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Original Program Date: June 2, 2016
MODERATOR: John Hockenberry
PARTICIPANTS: Katherine Freese, Justin Khoury, Stacy McGaugh, Neal Weiner, Lisa Randall

The discovery of Dark Matter 00:00

John Hockenberry introduction 3:50

Participant Introductions 8:10

What is dark matter? 9:59

Lets talk about WIMPs 15:15

How do we detect dark matter? 17:45

The standard model looks incomplete 28:46

So you want to take apart Newton and Einstein? 37:49

What role did dark matter play in the early universe? 48:00

Can dark matter be a super fluid? 55:15

Will we understand dark matter better if we know about its origins? 1:02:28

What is the headline for the next big dark matter discovery? 1:07:46

An Invisible Threat: The Relationship Between Microwave Technology and Health | ENDEVR Documentary

We cannot see the waves, we cannot hear them, we cannot touch them, but they are all around us, invading the air, irradiating our body and the environment. An Invisible Threat looks at the relationship between microwave technology and health, investigating the conflicts of interest among industry representatives, politicians, scientists and consumers that leave us unprotected to the effects of radiation. Wireless networks irradiate microwaves indiscriminately across cities, villages and the countryside of all developed countries. This increasing exposure disturbs the biological processes that are essential for the healthy growth of human beings, animals and plants – it especially affects children and teenagers.
Our investigation delves into three groups: the telecommunications industry (mobile telephone companies, MMF); official organisations (WHO, IARC, ICNIRP) and official scientific reports (BioInitiative, Interphone, CEFALO).
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ENDEVR explains the world we live in through high-class documentaries, special investigations, explainers videos and animations. We cover topics related to business, economics, geopolitics, social issues and everything in between that we think are interesting.

Black holes are gravitational behemoths that dramatically twist space and time. Recently, they’ve also pointed researchers to a remarkable proposal—that everything we see may be akin to a hologram. Alan Alda joins Kip Thorne, Robbert Dijkgraaf and other renowned researchers on an odyssey through one of nature’s most spectacular creations, and learn how they are leading scientists to rewrite the rules of reality.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.

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Follow us on twitter: https://twitter.com/WorldSciFest

Original Program Date: June 3, 2010
MODERATOR: Alan Alda
PARTICIPANTS: Andrew Hamilton, Kip S. Thorne, Raphael Bousso, Robbert Dijkgraaf

Brian Greene's Introduction with Stephen Hawking. 00:00

Robbert Dijkgraaf talks about black holes.. 01:45

Participant Introductions with Alan Alda 09:19

Einsteins law of time warps. 15:08

Where black holes around when the universe was forming? 19:50

Hawking radiation is it coming from the black hole or off the black hole. 27:09

How are black holes formed at subatomic levels? 38:05

What does a black hole look like? 43:56

The panel travels into the black hole. 50:43

What you would see if you entered a black hole. 58:45

Space falls faster than light. 01:05:30

What is a hologram. 01:11:40

Black holes and information loss. 01:15:12

How much information can a black hole store? 01:23:30

Not everything that is true can be proven. This discovery transformed infinity, changed the course of a world war and led to the modern computer. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.

Special thanks to Prof. Asaf Karagila for consultation on set theory and specific rewrites, to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for reviews of earlier drafts, Prof. Toby ‘Qubit’ Cubitt for the help with the spectral gap, to Henry Reich for the helpful feedback and comments on the video.

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References:

Dunham, W. (2013, July). A Note on the Origin of the Twin Prime Conjecture. In Notices of the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 63-65). International Press of Boston. — https://ve42.co/Dunham2013

Conway, J. (1970). The game of life. Scientific American, 223(4), 4. — https://ve42.co/Conway1970

Churchill, A., Biderman, S., Herrick, A. (2019). Magic: The Gathering is Turing Complete. ArXiv. — https://ve42.co/Churchill2019

Gaifman, H. (2006). Naming and Diagonalization, from Cantor to Godel to Kleene. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 14(5), 709-728. — https://ve42.co/Gaifman2006

Lénárt, I. (2010). Gauss, Bolyai, Lobachevsky–in General Education?(Hyperbolic Geometry as Part of the Mathematics Curriculum). In Proceedings of Bridges 2010: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture (pp. 223-230). Tessellations Publishing. — https://ve42.co/Lnrt2010

Attribution of Poincare’s quote, The Mathematical Intelligencer, vol. 13, no. 1, Winter 1991. — https://ve42.co/Poincare

Irvine, A. D., & Deutsch, H. (1995). Russell’s paradox. — https://ve42.co/Irvine1995

Gödel, K. (1992). On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems. Courier Corporation. — https://ve42.co/Godel1931

Russell, B., & Whitehead, A. (1973). Principia Mathematica [PM], vol I, 1910, vol. II, 1912, vol III, 1913, vol. I, 1925, vol II & III, 1927, Paperback Edition to* 56. Cambridge UP. — https://ve42.co/Russel1910

Gödel, K. (1986). Kurt Gödel: Collected Works: Volume I: Publications 1929-1936 (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press, USA. — https://ve42.co/Godel1986

Cubitt, T. S., Perez-Garcia, D., & Wolf, M. M. (2015). Undecidability of the spectral gap. Nature, 528(7581), 207-211. — https://ve42.co/Cubitt2015

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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal

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Written by Derek Muller, Adam Becker and Jonny Hyman
Animation by Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Iván Tello and Jonny Hyman
Math City Animation by Another Angle 3D Visuals (www.anotherangle.ee)
Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Edited by Derek Muller
Music and SFX by Jonny Hyman Additional Music from Epidemic Sound
Additional video supplied by Getty Images
Thumbnail by Geoff Barrett
Associate Producers: Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

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