A young Robert Mugabe pushes for racial equality in a changing Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia). He spoke to the late Morley Safer, of 60 Minutes fame, then a CBC foreign correspondent.

Smallholder farmers are key actors in the global food system, producing roughly 80 percent of the food consumed in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Yet, the voices of smallholders are often neglected by policy makers when trade deals are negotiated or regulations established. Increasing the participation of smallholder farmers in agricultural trade has the potential to boost livelihoods, improve food security, and fuel economic growth.

Within an international trade regime marked by ever-more-stringent quality and safety standards, sophisticated value-chains, and byzantine contracts, the challenge of linking smallholders to markets is no simple task. Considering the increasing importance of agricultural trade to food security, it is also not a task that we can afford to ignore.

What is the role of smallholder farmers in the global exchange of agricultural goods? What barriers do trade regulations and standards impose for smallholders to access local, regional, and global markets? How can we build an enabling environment for trade in which smallholders can participate more fully?

Interview Prof. Garba Diallo a Black Mauritanian Professor about the Systematic Genocide of the Black African majority [Fulani, Wolof, Soninke, Bambara], in an Arabic speaking minority run country.

An interview with a brother on the ground level.

Deep in central Mali, what was supposed to be harvest season for villagers has become a season of starvation, death and destruction.Mali's health ministry says so far hundreds of people have died from what it describes as a man-made famine, as farmers and herders fight over land.It is an ancestral conflict that takes place at the height of the dry season between the Dogon, who are traditional farmers and hunters, and the Fulani, the semi-nomadic herders of the Sahel.

The Dogon accuse the Fulani of overstepping on their farmland to feed their animals, while the Fulani accuse the Dogon of killing and stealing their cattle. And now they are killing each other.In one of the worst attacks, 160 Fulani villagers were killed in Ogossagou in March. Mamadou Togo, the chief representative of Mali's Dogon people, tells Al Jazeera the attack was not perpetrated by Dogon hunters. He says the Dogon have not attacked any Fulani villages, despite there being tensions between the two communities.However, he admits that "when other people come and attack the Dogon, they retaliate"."We cannot sit and watch people come and kill us and go back without anything. We said no, this is intolerable," he says. "When you come to kill me and I'm not dead, for instance, if I can I will kill you."

The two sides both accuse the other of being the aggressor.Mahmoud Dicko, a Fulani and a powerful leader of the High Islamic Council, blames the mutual mistrust on outside interference."I am convinced that there are other invisible, obscure forces that are planning to destabilise the entire subregion. And to succeed in this destabilisation, it is necessary to create a war between the different ethnic groups," he says.The violence is not limited to Mali, either. In neighbouring Sahelian countries, Fulanis have been in conflict with other tribes as well. Fuelling this conflict are armed groups - including al-Qaeda and Islamic State affiliates - who are stepping in and taking sides.

Some have been fighting in the war in Libya."This crisis in the centre of Mali started from the occupation of northern Mali by terrorist groups [in 2012]," says Tiebile Drame, the Malian minister of foreign affairs. "The Malian crisis is directly linked to the situation in Libya, to the collapse of Libya in 2011."Since 2013, the United Nations peacekeeping mission MINUSMA has been operating in Mali. There are currently 14,000 UN troops - among them British, Canadian and German soldiers - as well as 4,000 French combat troops and regional G5 Sahel forces in the country.Despite this, the violence is spreading, and spiralling out of control.Insurgent and rebel groups also directly target security forces, launching suicide attacks and car bombings.

MINUSMA is now the deadliest UN peacekeeping mission, with more UN troops dying in Mali than anywhere else, or at any time before. This also adds to the feeling shared by many Malians that the security forces are not a source of protection but a source of danger.Nevertheless, the $1bn a year MINUSMA mission has been renewed for another year, while Mali's government is calling for the creation of a coalition force like the ones seen in Iraq and Afghanistan to intervene in Mali.But the Dogon and Fulani leaders we spoke to are both sceptical about outside actors.

Dogon leader Togo believes France profits from the instability in the country, saying Mali's former colonial master "wants to recolonise again this country because of the wealth underground".Meanwhile, Fulani leader Dicko says the UN mission and international community are failing Mali, spending billions of dollars "for their own comfort"."I say to leave us alone, to leave the Sahelians between us," he says. "We are brothers, we have lived together for millennia. We have a mechanism to settle things between us. If we are left alone, we ourselves will find a solution to this problem."To examine who profits from Mali's state of instability, and how the violence can be brought to an end, Talk to Al Jazeera In The Field meets Dogon and Fulani leaders to try to understand this complex conflict.

Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJ
Check our website: https://www.aljazeera.com/

An Official Visit of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa to the United state of America on invitation from US president John F Kennedy.

Snapshot | The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) said that the South American country should maintain its economic gains made over the last 13 years under leftist President Evo Morales.

https://videosenglish.telesurt....v.net/video/778204/u

The climate of the Sahara was completely different thousands of years ago. And we’re not talking about just a few years of extra rain. We’re talking about a climate that was so wet for so long that animals and humans alike made themselves at home in the middle of the Sahara. Big thanks to Fabrizio De Rossi for the reconstructions of the Sahara past and present. Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosSuper special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:Anthony Callaghan, Anton Bryl, Jeff Graham, shelley floryd, Laura Sanborn, Henrik Peteri, Zachary Spencer, Chandler Bass, Richard Ohnemus, Joao Ascensao, Andrey, Ben Thorson, Marcus Lejon, Ilya Murashov, Nathan Paskett, Jerrit Erickson, Merri Snaidman, David Sewall, Gabriel Cortez, Jack Arbuckle, Kevin Griffin, Robert Noah, Philip Slingerland, Todd Dittman, James Bording, Eric Vonk, Robert Arévalo, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Jon Monteiro, Missy Elliott Smith, Jonathan Wright, Gregory Donovan, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, PS, Maria Humphrey, Larry Wilson, Hubert Rady, John Vanek, Tsee Lee, Daisuke Goto, Gregory Kintz, Matt Parker, Tyson Cleary, Case Hill, Stefan Weber, Betsy Radley

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References: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1xYQFzEJ4iJEey2

Geoff Lawton provides a brief overview of what Permaculture is.

00:00 Baayo
05:41 Fanta
11:33 Farba
19:42 Iyango
27:12 Koni (Electric Guitar – Ernest Ranglin)
36:33 Africans Unite (Yolela)
44:46 Cherie
51:44 Bamba

Baaba Maal is one of the finest singers in the world, and he's currently on brilliant live form - as shown by those memorable impromptu collaborations with anyone from Toumani Diabate to Franz Ferdinand at the Africa Express shows. Yet he hasn't recorded a new album for seven years, which presumably explains this limited-edition retrospective acoustic live set. It's taken from performances over the past 10 years, many featuring the exquisite kora work of the late Kaouding Cissoko, and includes some impressive tracks, from that lyrical favourite Baayo to a hypnotic, improvised workout on the harsh-edged Farba, previously only released on cassette in Africa. Then there's the gently charming, kora-backed Fanta, the well-worn and more slushy Cherie, and a virtuoso collaboration with Jamaican guitar hero Ernest Ranglin on Koni, which they performed together on Maal's last live recording, nine years ago. It's currently available only on vinyl or as a download from baabamaal.tv, but is well worth checking out as we wait for something new. Those Africa Express collaborations would make a great start.

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Baaba Maal has partnered with charity: water to reissue his critically acclaimed album, The Traveller. All proceeds go towards bringing clean, safe drinking water to people in developing countries. Download here: https://lnk.to/BaabaMaal-CharityWaterID

The reissue exclusively features a new 50-minute documentary of his annual Blues Du Fleuve Festival in Senegal as well as a 12-minute short film featuring Baaba performing acoustically and talking about his involvement with the charity.

View the full 50 minute documentary, and receive a download of Baaba’s album “The Traveller” with a contribution to charity: water via this link: https://lnk.to/BaabaMaal-CharityWaterID

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The Palm Channel will present some of the highlights from our catalogue, an eclectic mix of original short films, interviews from our archives exploring the roots and branches of Jamaican music, and much more.

Created by Island Records founder Chris Blackwell (Bob Marley, U2, Grace Jones etc.). Palm Pictures has always pushed musical boundaries and encouraged unlikely collaborations. Since the late 90's it has been a leader in the convergence of music and film, producing and distributing music documentaries, arthouse & foreign cinema, and music videos.