Since 2012, Mali has slowly slid into chaos as Islamic terrorist groups linked to al-Qaeda have gained ground. Over the years, the violence has swept from the country’s north. With many young people, mostly Fulani herders, now also struggling with unemployment, they are turning to the jihadist groups and joining their ranks in a bid to escape poverty.

Sudan, the biggest country in Africa. In the south the Nile with its feeder rivers dominates an almost impenetrable swamp landscape. Towards the north begins the Savanna, which blends into the Egyptian desert farther on. Since time immemorial camels have marked the dry areas of the land and determined the lifestyle of the various nomadic tribes.

1990 Town Hall Meeting with Nelson Mandela of South Africa.

This meeting, held in New York and chaired by Ted Koppel of ABC Networks, formed part Nelson Mandela's first visit to the USA immediately following his release after 27 years in prison.

Much of the meeting focused on Nelson Mandela's advocating of sanctions against Apartheid South Africa, his support for the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) as well as his close friendship with Yasser Arafat (of Palestine) and Fidel Castro (of Cuba).

It is important to note that this meeting took place in 1990, long before the world embraced Nelson Mandela or the ANC, yet, even then, Mandela stood firm and resolute on his and the ANC's policies even though it could have "hurt" his and the ANC's "image", for example his support for the Palestinian and Cuban people.

NB: The video is incomplete, we could not get the full archived video. Our apologies.

During his 1990 visit to Atlanta, Nelson Mandela spoke at Morehouse College's Martin Luther King Jr. International Chapel.

Nubia is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between Aswan in southern Egypt and Khartoum in central Sudan. It was the seat of one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa, with a history that can be traced from at least 2500 BC onward with the Kerma culture. The region of Nubia is split between Egypt and Sudan. Nubia was divided into three major regions: Upper, Middle, and Lower Nubia, in reference to their locations along the Nile.

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Video and on-camera narration by Abdoulaye Bamogo. Produced, edited, written and narrated by Christopher D. Roy, 2009.

They cannot tolerate sunlight; some of them are even blind. However they are one of the world’s most ingenious builders: Termites. They build high-risers without any technical devices that are, compared to the Empire State Building in New York, 25 times higher. They are the only animals that have managed to build an air-conditioning system without electricity. Their nests are architectural masterpieces that rise up to eight meters from the ground and dispose brood chambers for larvae, corridors for transportation, fungal gardens for nutrition and even emergency exits for hostile attacks.