La conférence de Berlin de 1884-1885 a inauguré ce qui est devenu le « nouvel impérialisme ». Alors que les premières vagues d'expansion européenne se sont concentrées sur les Amériques et l'Asie, la troisième s'est concentrée sur l'Afrique, largement ignorée depuis la conclusion de la traite négrière atlantique. En 1876, le roi Léopold II (1835-1909) de Belgique engagea Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904) pour explorer et coloniser le bassin du fleuve Congo en Afrique équatoriale. Les revendications belges sur le Congo ont conduit à une « ruée vers l'Afrique » entre la France, l'Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne et le Portugal, représentés à la Conférence. Ils cherchaient à réguler la concurrence coloniale en définissant « l'occupation effective » comme critère de reconnaissance des revendications territoriales – les colonies étaient reconnues si elles étaient effectivement possédées. La conférence de Berlin a reconstitué l'Afrique, divisant le continent en quelque 50 colonies différentes. Seuls l'Éthiopie et le Libéria sont restés indépendants. Le nouvel impérialisme a donné naissance à de nouvelles conceptions sociales du colonialisme, y compris l'idée de « civiliser » les Africains, comme décrit dans le poème de Rudyard Kipling « Le fardeau de l'homme blanc » (1899), bien que critiqué par d'autres comme Joseph Conrad dans Heart of Darkness ( 1899). Les puissances européennes ont essayé d'associer la domination coloniale aux objectifs de justice et de moralité, ce qui a permis à la domination sur les terres tropicales de devenir largement acceptée.

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Cargo Cult Summer Series

Cargo Cult
During the Pacific war on the coast of Papua New Guinea, the Papuans want to claim the god Cargo’s gifts by developing a new rite.

"The Middle Passage" is a documentary that delves into the transatlantic slave trade, specifically focusing on the harrowing journey endured by enslaved Africans as they were transported across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. This passage is often referred to as the "middle" part of the triangular trade route used by European merchants.

The documentary examines the inhumane conditions faced by the captives aboard slave ships, including overcrowding, disease, and brutal treatment by the crew. It also explores the broader impact of the slave trade on African societies and the lasting legacy of this dark chapter in history.

"The Middle Passage" often features historical accounts, expert interviews, and visual reconstructions to provide a comprehensive and poignant look at the experiences of the millions of Africans who were forcibly taken from their homeland. The film aims to educate viewers about the horrors of the slave trade and its enduring effects on descendants and societies around the world.

The Last Years of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Brazil has always used the existence of interracial unions to claim the country is a 'racial democracy', but some have argued that white Brazilians have always been against them and only accept them to the extent that it whitens the population as a whole.

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”Milestones” by Miles Davis
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Join us for an engaging discussion on Miss Lou's enduring impact on the Jamaican Language with Dr. Joseph T. Farquharson, Coordinator of the Jamaican Language Unit and Senior Lecturer in Linguistics at UWI, Mona.

Discover the historical journey, current progress, and future potential of making the Jamaican language co-official with English. Tune in to learn more about language rights, community development, and the vibrant cultural heritage of Jamaica.

00:00 Introduction to Culture Corner and Miss Lou's Legacy
01:47 Guest Introduction: Dr. Joseph T. Parkinson
02:25 Miss Lou's Mastery of the Jamaican Language
07:47 Miss Lou's Role in Preserving and Promoting Jamaican Language
11:28 Impact of Miss Lou's Performances on Language Perception
18:50 Evolution of Jamaican Language in Media and Music
26:18 Advocacy for the Jamaican Language
44:12 The Future of the Bible in Jamaican
44:58 Educational Reforms and Bilingualism
46:12 Government Support and Political Will
47:32 Cultural Impact and Social Media
49:02 Understanding and Connecting Through Language
51:19 Opportunities in Language Education
53:14 Economic Potential of the Jamaican Language
54:36 Challenges and Steps Towards Officialization
01:01:17 Community Involvement and Business Roles
01:04:01 Standardization and Its Importance
01:10:29 Youth Engagement and Future Prospects
01:15:50 Final Thoughts and Call to Action

Whether you're passionate about language, culture, or community development, this forum offers valuable insights and thought-provoking perspectives.

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Psychology of... Season 3 - episode 1