Probability is the examination of uncertain processes, but it's useful for far more than games of chance: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/proba

The modern theory of probability is considered to have begun in 1654 with an exchange of letters between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, and has developed since then into the discipline which examines uncertain processes. For example, although on tossing a coin you have no idea whether you will obtain heads or tails we know that if you keep doing it then in the long run it is very likely that the proportion of heads will be close to a half. The lecture will discuss this and other examples of random processes e.g. random walks and Brownian motion.

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectu....res-and-events/proba

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 1,500 lectures free to access or download from the website.
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollege

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Presented by Ron Eglash; co-hosted by the University of Michigan School of Information and the Library of Michigan; project made possible in part by the University of Michigan School of Information. For an audio transcript of this video, please visit https://drive.google.com/open?....id=13y47iQrviZN-oFX7 .

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Yvan Sagnet from Cameroon is battling modern slavery in Italy's agricultural sector. Sagnet once worked as a low-wage farmhand. Now he is fighting for the rights of seasonal farmworkers, taking criminal recruiters, or gangmasters, to court.

Yvan Sagnet calls them slaves: the hundreds of thousands of seasonal farmworkers from Africa and eastern Europe on Italy's fields. Without their labor the country would have no tomato, orange or olive harvest. But the workers are exploited and often forced to live under inhumane conditions in ruins or shanty towns called ghettos. In 2011 Sagnet himself briefly picked tomatoes on the fields near the southern Italian town of Nardò. For four days he labored to fill the 350-kilogram crates. He earned 14 euros a day, ten of which he had to hand over to the gangmaster, or Caporale, for transport and water. Caporale is the term for the criminal recruiters who control and exploit the workers. After a 14-hour day working under the blazing sun and even being beaten, Sagnet took home only four euros. He helped to organize the first strike among the farmhands. It was a success, and since then he has been an activist for the rights of the farmworkers and against the gangmasters. Despite death threats, he has set up an organization called NoCap, a label to certify produce farmed under ethically acceptable conditions. And he has taken his fight against exploitation and slavery to the courts. So far, the Italian justice system has responded slowly. It's a fight that will take a long time to win.

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The Accelerating the Adoption of Agroforestry Project currently works with 24 community groups with a total of 600 members in Kericho and Kisumu counties in Kenya. 144 lead-farmers were trained in self-selected and context-specific climate-smart practices, including agroforestry, horticulture, coffee farming, poultry keeping and livestock keeping. Through farmer to farmer extension, the project reaches thousands of households in the project area and beyond.

For more information, contact Lisa Fuchs, project manager at l.fuchs@cgiar.org or visit http://www.worldagroforestry.o....rg/project/accelerat