⁣Astrobiology | The Universe

Today, Einstein's goal of combining the physical laws of the universe in one theory that explains it all is the Holy Grail of modern physics.

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How did scholars begin to decipher ancient scripts like the hieroglyphs?
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Buy Andrew's biography of Jean-François Champollion "Cracking the Egyptian Code": https://geni.us/WQwD

Very soon after the birth of the first written language - cuneiform - ancient Egypt developed its own writing: the hieroglyphic script, immortalised in the Rosetta Stone kept in the British Museum, which consists of a single royal edict, dated 196 BC, written in the hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek alphabetic scripts.

Andrew Robinson is the author of more than twenty-five books, issued by leading general and academic publishers. In addition to "Cracking the Egyptian Code", they include "The Last Man Who Knew Everything" (a biography of Thomas Young): https://geni.us/XIBXvR , and "Lost Languages: The Enigma of the World’s Undeciphered Scripts": https://geni.us/iqP0Q. A former literary editor of The Times Higher Education Supplement, he also writes reviews and features for newspapers, magazines and journals, in both the arts and sciences.

This talk was filmed in the Ri on 18 January 2019.

Watch the second talk on ancient codes, all about the cuneiform language by Irving Finkel: https://youtu.be/PfYYraMgiBA

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Not everything that is true can be proven. This discovery transformed infinity, changed the course of a world war and led to the modern computer. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.

Special thanks to Prof. Asaf Karagila for consultation on set theory and specific rewrites, to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for reviews of earlier drafts, Prof. Toby ‘Qubit’ Cubitt for the help with the spectral gap, to Henry Reich for the helpful feedback and comments on the video.

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References:

Dunham, W. (2013, July). A Note on the Origin of the Twin Prime Conjecture. In Notices of the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 63-65). International Press of Boston. — https://ve42.co/Dunham2013

Conway, J. (1970). The game of life. Scientific American, 223(4), 4. — https://ve42.co/Conway1970

Churchill, A., Biderman, S., Herrick, A. (2019). Magic: The Gathering is Turing Complete. ArXiv. — https://ve42.co/Churchill2019

Gaifman, H. (2006). Naming and Diagonalization, from Cantor to Godel to Kleene. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 14(5), 709-728. — https://ve42.co/Gaifman2006

Lénárt, I. (2010). Gauss, Bolyai, Lobachevsky–in General Education?(Hyperbolic Geometry as Part of the Mathematics Curriculum). In Proceedings of Bridges 2010: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture (pp. 223-230). Tessellations Publishing. — https://ve42.co/Lnrt2010

Attribution of Poincare’s quote, The Mathematical Intelligencer, vol. 13, no. 1, Winter 1991. — https://ve42.co/Poincare

Irvine, A. D., & Deutsch, H. (1995). Russell’s paradox. — https://ve42.co/Irvine1995

Gödel, K. (1992). On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems. Courier Corporation. — https://ve42.co/Godel1931

Russell, B., & Whitehead, A. (1973). Principia Mathematica [PM], vol I, 1910, vol. II, 1912, vol III, 1913, vol. I, 1925, vol II & III, 1927, Paperback Edition to* 56. Cambridge UP. — https://ve42.co/Russel1910

Gödel, K. (1986). Kurt Gödel: Collected Works: Volume I: Publications 1929-1936 (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press, USA. — https://ve42.co/Godel1986

Cubitt, T. S., Perez-Garcia, D., & Wolf, M. M. (2015). Undecidability of the spectral gap. Nature, 528(7581), 207-211. — https://ve42.co/Cubitt2015

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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal

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Written by Derek Muller, Adam Becker and Jonny Hyman
Animation by Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Iván Tello and Jonny Hyman
Math City Animation by Another Angle 3D Visuals (www.anotherangle.ee)
Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Edited by Derek Muller
Music and SFX by Jonny Hyman Additional Music from Epidemic Sound
Additional video supplied by Getty Images
Thumbnail by Geoff Barrett
Associate Producers: Petr Lebedev and Emily Zhang

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Mounting evidence suggests a lot of published research is false.
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

Patreon supporters:
Bryan Baker, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Jason Buster, Saeed Alghamdi

More information on this topic: http://wke.lt/w/s/z0wmO

The Preregistration Challenge: https://cos.io/prereg/

Resources used in the making of this video:

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False:
http://journals.plos.org/plosm....edicine/article?id=1

Trouble at the Lab:
http://www.economist.com/news/....briefing/21588057-sc

Science isn't broken:
http://fivethirtyeight.com/fea....tures/science-isnt-b

Visual effects by Gustavo Rosa

HAPI Talks with HAPI Cast Member Dr. Wade Nobles about the need for African Institutions.

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The Pan African Daily TV- is the first of its kind and the only Media Network under this name. (PDTV) is inspired by an iconic leader, Susan Enih Tatah’s heart and creativity in bringing African worldwide for unity, development of Motherland and self. Her Instincts is contaminating and is the magnetism of the channel. Dr Susan Tatah & Team provides leadership in programming and attracts Africa’s best talents and strong voices, advocates for Africa’s development to join her in daily conversations, building a global community of concious like minded viewers as well as lead that community to connect on her social media spaces. PDTV is a signature destination, with Dr Susan Tatah as the new female face for Africa with a heart, star power, connections and endless possibilites. The Pan African Daily TV communication is a non-profit venture of the Africa we want with longterm sustainability goals. The Network debuted in April 2020, is the fastest growing reaching out to 100+ million viewers across Africa and Diaspora.

10th June 1940, The Most Honourable & Eminent Prophet, Marcus Mosiah Garvey, transitioned to meet the Ancestors. To mark the day, I am going shares some ideas of what Papa Garvey means by "Look For Me In The Whirlwind" & what the future of Universal Afrikan Nationalism look like.

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**LINK BELOW FOR IN-CLASS USE INSTRUCTIONS**
Virtual Plant Cell: Into Aquaporins highlights the important role that aquaporin proteins play in shuttling water, carbon dioxide and other molecules vital to good plant health, into and out of plant cells.

See https://plantenergy.edu.au/outreach/resources for materials to support classroom use of VPC: Into Aquaporins. This is a curriculum-aligned resource that addresses topics including diffusion across membranes, transcription and translation. This video can also be used with the lesson plan resource: Planting Science: Classifying Systems in Cells (year 7-10), developed by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis: http://photosynthesis.org.au/years7-10/

Virtual Plant Cell (VPC) is a suite of educational virtual reality experiences created by the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology. Explore and learn about the sub-microscopic inner world of a plant. www.plantenergy.edu.au/VPC

Subtitled. Full transcript below.

CREDITS:
3D Modelling and Animations: Peter Ryan, Tail Art, www.peterryanart.com.au
Graphic and Logo Design: Chris Brown, Eyecue Design, www.eyecue.com.au
Music: Jim Kennedy, Audiosimian, www.audiosimian.com
Voice Over: Glenn Hall
Science from the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology with support from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis. Project led by Karina Price and the researchers of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology.
Funded by the Australian Research Council.

TRANSCRIPT:
Plants are amazing. They create energy from sunlight and they use this energy to create what we use for our food, fuel and fibre, and this takes us on a journey deep into the inner world of a plant cell.

Plant cells collect sunlight and use it to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar. This process is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis happens inside the many green chloroplasts found around a plant cell.

The movement of water, carbon dioxide and other molecules like nitrogen, sugars and salts are vital for good plant health.

But how do water and other solutes get into the cell? Aquaporins are here to help. Aquaporins are tiny protein channels that are created in plant cells. They facilitate diffusion, the movement of important solutes, across cell membranes.
Aquaporins can be found in different membranes of the cell.

Water, carbon dioxide, and more is moved across these membranes, via aquaporin channels, as required.

Let’s see how plant cells create aquaporins when needed.

Proteins like aquaporins are coded for by genes. This is a sequence of information within a cell’s DNA. A message, called RNA, is first created from a gene through a process called transcription.

Messages move out of the nucleus to the ribosome. Here, the RNA message is “read” to create an aquaporin protein. This process of building a protein from an RNA message is called translation.

Aquaporins, like all proteins in a cell, have a unique structure. An aquaporin’s main function is to act as a channel that sits in a membrane. The aquaporin’s structure reflects this role.

Through research we can come to understand how aquaporins work, and how they work best. We can apply this knowledge to produce higher yielding crop plants by maximising their photosynthesis, improving their salt tolerance and enhancing their ability to survive challenging environmental conditions. And more efficient and resilient crops will ensure a secure food future.

A lone praying mantis picks off a few ants before the colony calls for backup.
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Superswarm (2009)
When animals swarm they create a super-organism of incredible power. They can attack our food supplies, immobilise our transport systems, undermine our cities and even attack our energy supplies. They can stop us in our tracks. Using state-of-the-art photography, Superswarms reveals the collective intelligence behind the animal invasions, and how man fights back.

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