As the Black Lives Matter movement spreads internationally, we’re looking today at one of the world’s most forgotten Black communities. In Mexico, Black people make up around one percent of the population. CGTN's Alasdair Baverstock tells us in the first of two reports, equal rights isn’t the only battle they have on their hands.

The Sahara is the biggest desert on earth. It takes its name from the Arab word for "emptiness". In the dead heart of that emptiness there's a place called the Tenere. The Tenere takes its name from the Tuareg word for "nothing". A nothing the size of France in the middle of an emptiness the size of the United States. It's no wonder the locals call this place "The Land Of Fear”. David Adams retraces the trade routes of the people who call this stove-hot corner of the planet home.

Smallholder farmers are key actors in the global food system, producing roughly 80 percent of the food consumed in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Yet, the voices of smallholders are often neglected by policy makers when trade deals are negotiated or regulations established. Increasing the participation of smallholder farmers in agricultural trade has the potential to boost livelihoods, improve food security, and fuel economic growth.

Within an international trade regime marked by ever-more-stringent quality and safety standards, sophisticated value-chains, and byzantine contracts, the challenge of linking smallholders to markets is no simple task. Considering the increasing importance of agricultural trade to food security, it is also not a task that we can afford to ignore.

What is the role of smallholder farmers in the global exchange of agricultural goods? What barriers do trade regulations and standards impose for smallholders to access local, regional, and global markets? How can we build an enabling environment for trade in which smallholders can participate more fully?

Interview Prof. Garba Diallo a Black Mauritanian Professor about the Systematic Genocide of the Black African majority [Fulani, Wolof, Soninke, Bambara], in an Arabic speaking minority run country.

Deep in central Mali, what was supposed to be harvest season for villagers has become a season of starvation, death and destruction.Mali's health ministry says so far hundreds of people have died from what it describes as a man-made famine, as farmers and herders fight over land.It is an ancestral conflict that takes place at the height of the dry season between the Dogon, who are traditional farmers and hunters, and the Fulani, the semi-nomadic herders of the Sahel.

The Dogon accuse the Fulani of overstepping on their farmland to feed their animals, while the Fulani accuse the Dogon of killing and stealing their cattle. And now they are killing each other.In one of the worst attacks, 160 Fulani villagers were killed in Ogossagou in March. Mamadou Togo, the chief representative of Mali's Dogon people, tells Al Jazeera the attack was not perpetrated by Dogon hunters. He says the Dogon have not attacked any Fulani villages, despite there being tensions between the two communities.However, he admits that "when other people come and attack the Dogon, they retaliate"."We cannot sit and watch people come and kill us and go back without anything. We said no, this is intolerable," he says. "When you come to kill me and I'm not dead, for instance, if I can I will kill you."

The two sides both accuse the other of being the aggressor.Mahmoud Dicko, a Fulani and a powerful leader of the High Islamic Council, blames the mutual mistrust on outside interference."I am convinced that there are other invisible, obscure forces that are planning to destabilise the entire subregion. And to succeed in this destabilisation, it is necessary to create a war between the different ethnic groups," he says.The violence is not limited to Mali, either. In neighbouring Sahelian countries, Fulanis have been in conflict with other tribes as well. Fuelling this conflict are armed groups - including al-Qaeda and Islamic State affiliates - who are stepping in and taking sides.

Some have been fighting in the war in Libya."This crisis in the centre of Mali started from the occupation of northern Mali by terrorist groups [in 2012]," says Tiebile Drame, the Malian minister of foreign affairs. "The Malian crisis is directly linked to the situation in Libya, to the collapse of Libya in 2011."Since 2013, the United Nations peacekeeping mission MINUSMA has been operating in Mali. There are currently 14,000 UN troops - among them British, Canadian and German soldiers - as well as 4,000 French combat troops and regional G5 Sahel forces in the country.Despite this, the violence is spreading, and spiralling out of control.Insurgent and rebel groups also directly target security forces, launching suicide attacks and car bombings.

MINUSMA is now the deadliest UN peacekeeping mission, with more UN troops dying in Mali than anywhere else, or at any time before. This also adds to the feeling shared by many Malians that the security forces are not a source of protection but a source of danger.Nevertheless, the $1bn a year MINUSMA mission has been renewed for another year, while Mali's government is calling for the creation of a coalition force like the ones seen in Iraq and Afghanistan to intervene in Mali.But the Dogon and Fulani leaders we spoke to are both sceptical about outside actors.

Dogon leader Togo believes France profits from the instability in the country, saying Mali's former colonial master "wants to recolonise again this country because of the wealth underground".Meanwhile, Fulani leader Dicko says the UN mission and international community are failing Mali, spending billions of dollars "for their own comfort"."I say to leave us alone, to leave the Sahelians between us," he says. "We are brothers, we have lived together for millennia. We have a mechanism to settle things between us. If we are left alone, we ourselves will find a solution to this problem."To examine who profits from Mali's state of instability, and how the violence can be brought to an end, Talk to Al Jazeera In The Field meets Dogon and Fulani leaders to try to understand this complex conflict.

Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJ
Check our website: https://www.aljazeera.com/

Meet some of the miracle workers who are pushing forward the frontiers of desert agriculture. Get your popcorn and family, and watch this entertaining 40-minute video that will amaze and inspire you. Hear about the creative irrigation systems and growing techniques of crops like the jojoba plant, wine grapes, peppers, and tomberries – tomatoes the size of blueberries. Learn about the unique aquaculture, from fish, to coral, to genetically modified prawns, made possible because of the talented scientists at Ben-Gurion University and the pioneering farmers of the Negev desert.

The climate of the Sahara was completely different thousands of years ago. And we’re not talking about just a few years of extra rain. We’re talking about a climate that was so wet for so long that animals and humans alike made themselves at home in the middle of the Sahara. Big thanks to Fabrizio De Rossi for the reconstructions of the Sahara past and present. Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosSuper special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:Anthony Callaghan, Anton Bryl, Jeff Graham, shelley floryd, Laura Sanborn, Henrik Peteri, Zachary Spencer, Chandler Bass, Richard Ohnemus, Joao Ascensao, Andrey, Ben Thorson, Marcus Lejon, Ilya Murashov, Nathan Paskett, Jerrit Erickson, Merri Snaidman, David Sewall, Gabriel Cortez, Jack Arbuckle, Kevin Griffin, Robert Noah, Philip Slingerland, Todd Dittman, James Bording, Eric Vonk, Robert Arévalo, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Jon Monteiro, Missy Elliott Smith, Jonathan Wright, Gregory Donovan, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, PS, Maria Humphrey, Larry Wilson, Hubert Rady, John Vanek, Tsee Lee, Daisuke Goto, Gregory Kintz, Matt Parker, Tyson Cleary, Case Hill, Stefan Weber, Betsy Radley

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshowTwitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshowInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1xYQFzEJ4iJEey2

Geoff Lawton provides a brief overview of what Permaculture is.

The Experience of Mr. Phiri in Improving Dry Land Management
Featuring Zephaniah Phiri Maseko, Cleopas Banda, and Julious Piti

A Film by Frank Löwen
Camera - Frank Löwen
Editor - Reiner Krausz

Contrary to the original version of the film about Mr. Phiri's experience, the uploaded YouTube version contains some weaknesses in the image quality. For people interested to get a copy of the original film version, they can contact Frank Löwen at info@down-to-earth-consult.com.

Wangari Maathai was the founder of the Green Belt Movement and the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. She was born in Nyeri, a rural area of Kenya. Professor Maathai was internationally acknowledged for her struggle for democracy, human rights, and environmental conservation, and served on the board of many organisations. She addressed the UN on a number of occasions and spoke on behalf of women at special sessions of the General
Assembly during the five-year review of the Earth Summit. In recognition of her deep commitment to the environment, the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General named her a UN Messenger of Peace in December 2009, with a focus on the environment and climate change. For more information on these interviews as well as more interviews: http://www.treemedia.com/#!11t....h-hour-research-tape