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The African Debt Trap: China’s Profitable Business of Enslaving Africa | 2021
The African Debt Trap: China’s Profitable Business of Enslaving Africa | 2021 Ambakisye-Okang Dukuzumurenyi 36 Views • 5 years ago

The President of Sri Lanka started pushing to build a new port in a small town at the south end of Sri Lanka because ambitious projects like this make you look like a good, caring politician. The only problem was that everyone, including their own government studies estimated that the port wouldn’t be profitable. But then the President announced that the project had been greenlighted - with help from none other than China.

The port opened in 2012, and the forecasts were right - no one was interested in using this new port. And it’s finances were in the hole. So the President went back to China for another loan, this time for $757 million.So what did they do? They took out another loan from China, this time for $1 billion dollars, to help pay off that upcoming debt payment. It’s safe to say that Sri Lanka found itself at the mercy of the Chinese government. It was drowning in debt payments and was left with an expensive port no one wanted to use. And now, China owns 85% of that port and managed to squeeze 15,000 acres of land around that port as well.

Debt traps, debt diplomacy is nothing new. China is probably just taking a page out of the original master at this game: the US. Why did the US go through all this effort to indebt these Less-Developed Countries, or LDCs? Simple: when you’re a global superpower, you need a lot of resources to stay on top: oil, energy, raw materials, nations under your influence so you can call them up when you need something like votes at the UN, and so on.

Today, China is in a similar position - they’re desperate for energy, money, and resources to continue their astronomical growth to the top.Who knows in the long run what will happen with China's colonialism. China has the ability to be forceful when needed, especially in their sphere. History would say China will follow the old model, but things have radically changed before. China is making mistakes but continues to sell these projects.

Evolution of Sex Change in Fish
Evolution of Sex Change in Fish Ambakisye-Okang Dukuzumurenyi 36 Views • 5 years ago

Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when an organism changes sex at some point in its life. It’s seen in a few species of gastropods and plants, but mostly fish, like napoleon wrasse, clownfish, groupers and marine angelfish. This transformation involves the complete restructuring of their gonads, as well as changes in their morphology and behaviour. For these fish, sex change is a usual part in their life cycle, and it’s one that carries adaptive advantages.

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References:
Avise JC & Mank JE. Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes. Sex Dev 2009;3:152–163.
Berglund A. Sequential hermaphroditism and the size-advantage hypothesis: an experimental test. Anim Behav 1990;30:426–433.
Todd EV, et al. Bending genders: the biology of natural sex change in fish. Sex Dev 2016;10:223–241.
Casas L, et al. Sex change in clownfish: molecular insights from transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2016;6:35461.
Goikoetxea A, et al. Stress and sex: does cortisol mediate sex change in fish? Reproduction 2017;154:R149–R160.
Kazancioğlu E & Alonzo SH. Costs of changing sex do not explain why sequential hermaphroditism is rare. Am Nat 2009;173:327–336.
Waples RS, et al. Consequences of sex change for effective population size. Proc Biol Sci 2018;285:20181702.
Muñoz RC & Warner RR. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. Am Nat 2003;161:749–761.

Credits:
ふうけ.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Kobudai150
prilfish. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....silkebaron/232002459
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Orange_sku
Sasuke Tsujita. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD2-ZZsWBYs&ab_channel=SasukeTsujita
フリッパーダイブセンター 群馬県伊勢崎市のダイビングショップ FLIPPER dive center. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YLywPkUjM&ab_channel=%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%9C%8C%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97FLIPPERdivecenter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sr7rPhfWCc&ab_channel=SCUBADIVINGPRO-SHOPMAHI-MAHI
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_clo
Carl Malamud. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_Gob
Rickard Zerpe.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/....krokodiver/238064296
alif_abdulrahman. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....alif_abdulrahman/188
aquarist.me. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....aquarist/7075443335/
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3020
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3150

#sexchangingfish #sexchange #naturalselection #hermaphroditism #sequentialhermaphroditism #hermaphrodite #biology #evolutionarybiology #zoology #clownfish #kobudai #asiansheepshead

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