Sources:
Williams, Christopher. "Explaining the Great War in Africa: How Conflict in the Congo Became a Continental Crisis." The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 37, no. 2 (2013): 81-100.International Crisis Group, “Congo at War: A Briefing on the Internal and External Players in the Central African Conflict,” November 17, 1998.John F. Clark, “Museveni’s Adventure in the Congo War: Uganda’s Vietnam?” in TheAfrican Stakes of the Congo War, ed. John F. Clark (New York: Palgrave Macmillan,2002) Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” April 12, 2001 Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A Peoples History. London: Zed Books, 2013.Music:Dawn without End by Zach HeydeDance & Electronic by Andrew HuangConsequence - Wonders by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/4.0/)Sourc http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht http://incompetech.com/Decisions by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/4.0/)Sourc http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht http://incompetech.com/Exotic Battle by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/4.0/)Sourc http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht http://incompetech.com/Antonio Salieri, Twenty six variations on La Folia de SpagnaLondon Mozart PlayersMatthias Bamert, as conductor

The story of King Leopold of Belgium’s brutal regime in the Congo Free State, during the late 19th century, is one of the darkest and most important in global history. It is a story of horror - the murky depths of the human soul pushed to its primal limits, European colonialism and the first Scramble for Africa, royalty and politics, celebrity, and modernity. From that pit of depravity, in which the Congolese people endured unimaginable suffering at the hands of their dehumanising western drivers, the first human rights campaign was born, and one of the most seminal novels of all time. So, how was it that the Congo, Africa’s as yet unplundered, un-impenetrable, and deeply mysterious core in the late 1870’s, became the private financial reservoir of one ambitious monarch, while Europe looked on? What occurred during the reign of terror he unleashed there, and why? And, who was King Leopold himself, the troubled, cunning and utterly twisted individual behind it all?

Join Dominic and Tom as they lead us - following in the footsteps of Henry Morton Stanley, the explorer who first pierced the shadowy veil of the Congo in Africa’s interior, and let it bleed into the hands of King Leopold himself - deep into the heart of darkness. As the curtain is lifted from the Congo’s formerly obscuring unknowability, her people's grotesque future of abominable exploitation is revealed, along with man’s capacity for evil, and the demonic greed of one man in particular…


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00:00 Intro
06:28 Introducing Leopold
14:33 Why the Congo?
24:35 Henry Morton Stanley comes into the picture
32:00 Congo before the Belgians
43:13 Leopold’s plan is sprung into action
57: 06 Leopold finally secures his fiefdom

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In pt.2 this reasoning, Baba Kwaw Imana shares why he believes parents should not give theri children a smart phone until they have reached the age of 18.

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The full-rigged ship was the essential technology that enabled the trans-Atlantic slave trade to flourish. Between 1698 and 1807 around 11,000 ships were fitted out in England for the slave trade, transporting around three million Africans.
But the trade also employed other vessels, from in-shore boats supplying the slavers, to the Navy vessels that protected them. Sickness and disease were constant companions to both slaves and crew. Mortality amongst both was high, from disease, mistreatment, accident and suicide.
Dr Stuart Anderson explores the relationship between ships, slavery and sickness, and considers the measures eventually taken to improve health at sea.

Gresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: https://gresham.ac.uk/support/

Queen Njinga Ana de Sousa Mbande (also spelled Nzinga, Nzingha, Ginga, and probably some other ways) was a 17th century ruler of the Kingdoms of Ndongo and Matamba, in what is now Angola. Fighting on the battlefield alongside her troops, and adapting to a variety of lifestyles from Mbundu to Imbangala to Christian, she displayed constant resilience in the face of Portuguese colonialism in West Central Africa, and earned herself a reputation as an Amazonian queen and the most formidable opponent the Portuguese had ever faced in Africa. This is her story.I apologize to any Kimbundu speakers who watch this video for my inevitable butchering of your language. If you'd like to help correct my pronunciation in any future videos I make on Njinga or Ndongo, please hit me up!No generative AI was used in any part of the creation of this video.This video is part of Untold Black History II, a collaboration of YouTubers talking about uplifting Black history from around the world. Check out the full playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLivC9TMdGnL-rRKRSKSqqVlMYZKrebcip&jct=EiV3t4lJSkssBqcIETHmswUntold Black History II intro and outro made by @KenKwameWrites Untold Black History II logo made by me B)To explain the design for the 3 people reading this, the bird is an Adinkra symbol from the region of modern-day Ghana representing the concept of "Sankofa," which you can find better explanations of online but in brief it represents the idea of going back for something in a metaphorical sense, i.e. recollection; I picked it to represent looking back to history. The symbol behind it is an Nsibidi symbol from the region of what is now southeastern Nigeria, and represents wealth, or in this case a wealth of knowledge. The colors of the symbol in the background are based on the common Pan-African tricolor flag, red, black, and green, while the Sankofa symbol is yellow to represent an alternative set of Pan-Africanist colors that includes yellow instead of black, based on the Ethiopian flag. All four of these colors are commonly used in Pan-Africanist flags and designs.Happy Black History Month y'all :DFootnotes:1. Heywood 2017, 57-60; Thornton and Lee 2011, 1832. Heywood 2017, 44-453. ibid. 614. Thornton and Lee 2011, 1775. Heywood 2017, 120-122; Thornton and Lee 2011, 1816. Heywood 2017, 50-527. ibid. 51-52, 758. ibid. 55, 659. Thornton and Lee 2011, 18110. Heywood 2017, 54-5511. ibid. 64-6512. ibid. 66-7113. ibid. 66-88; 102, 11514. ibid. 114-12515. ibid. 126-127; 140-14416. ibid. 133-15617. ibid. 157-168, 170-17118. ibid. 172-17819. ibid. 188-18920. ibid. 190-205Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/somasacademyTwitter: https://twitter.com/somas_academyBlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/somas....academy.bsky.socialA https://www.artstation.com/kalahsoma0:00 Intro0:33 Untold Black History Intro0:44 Early Life of Njinga2:15 The Portuguese in West Central Africa3:17 Diplomatic Mission4:42 Rise to Power6:08 Portuguese Advance6:30 Guerilla Campaign7:15 Imbangala Leader8:08 Anti-Portuguese Alliance8:54 Religious Pressure10:20 Diplomacy11:37 Peace Negotiations12:44 Final Years13:04 Conclusion