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When Moammar Gadhafi’s regime collapsed in 2011, Libya was left leaderless. In the ensuing years, rebel militias have battled one another for control of the country in a series of deadly bombings and shootouts. With fighting unavoidable and no end in sight, Libyan civilians are picking up AK-47s and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) to protect their families from the militias.
Of course, they don't have to look far. Libya’s parliament estimates that 15 million weapons—many left over from Gadhafi’s massive caches—are circulating within the country. That’s two and a half weapons per person. Times being what they are, many use social media to source their household arms. Since the beginning of the year, Vocativ has been monitoring Facebook and other online activity in Libya to track this phenomenon. What we discovered was a virtual arms market, complete with dealers claiming to live in Tripoli, advertised prices and hagglers in the comment section.
In a video report from on the ground in Tripoli, Vocativ producer Lindsay Snell meets with an arms dealer who refers to himself as “Batsha.” Squatting over his collection of ammunition and firearms, Batsha selects a weapon and demonstrates how to load it. “This is a Kalashkinov. It is the most popular weapon in Libya. It costs $1,200,” he says as he cocks the rifle. After rattling off a list of the other guns and missiles up for sale (their prices range from $800 to $5,000), he says, “Everyone in Libya is armed. Everyone has a weapon.”
After speaking with a handful of civilians during our visit to Tripoli, Batsha’s claim that virtually all of Libya packs heat checks out. “Everyone has to be armed. We don’t trust the militias, we don’t trust the government, we don’t trust anyone,” says university student Ahmed Klisel, AK-47 in hand. "It’s really easy to obtain weapons in Libya. An AK-47 is a necessity in every household. More households have more than one. Or they have an AK-47 and a few pistols, handguns.”
And it’s not just men who carry weapons. Fidgeting with a small handgun, single mother Hind Ahmed Benghagab says, “We never thought we would see the day where Libyan women would need guns.”
With the massive surplus of military-grade weapons and the ease of purchase, deadly armaments often wind up in the wrong hands. According to a recent U.N. report, violent militant groups from Boko Haram in Nigeria to jihadis in Syria have obtained guns and other arms from Libya. While strife and chaos is Gadhafi's endowment to the nation he ruled with an iron fist, it's the second lives of the weapons he amassed and left behind that may be his lasting and violent global legacy.
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Ethiopia is constructing a $4.8 billion dam along the Nile River that has Egypt angry. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, or GERD, will have a capacity of 6.45 GW, doubling the country’s power capacity. It will provide electricity to 60% of Ethiopian households and create a massive reservoir for tourism and the fishing industry. However, the project poses a threat to Egypt, who relies heavily on the Nile River. This has led to tensions between the nations and a political battle over the river.
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Information
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53573154
https://www.reuters.com/articl....e/us-ethiopia-dam-fa
https://www.hydropower.org/cas....e-studies/ethiopia-g
https://www.power-technology.c....om/projects/the-gran
https://www.middleeasteye.net/....news/grand-ethiopia-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Grand_Ethiopian_Rena
https://www.brookings.edu/blog..../africa-in-focus/202
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A recently donated film to the Public Policy collections of the Mudd Manuscript Library, long thought lost has been digitized and is now viewable online. "Segregation and the South," a film produced in 1957 by the Fund for the Republic, reported on race issues in the South since the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case. It examined the slow progress of integration at elementary and secondary schools and colleges, as well as the white backlash to the decision. It also documented the Montgomery bus boycott. Much of the footage came from news organizations like CBS and NBC that was re-packaged, but some original material was filmed in Clarksdale, Mississippi, by writer and director James Peck. Broadcast on June 16, 1957, a Sunday, from 5-6 p.m., it aired on over 30 ABC affiliates, 12 in the South, but none in the Deep South.
This film is detailed in our blog: The entire finding aid for the Fund for the Republic collection can be found here: http://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/MC059
In places around the world, supplies of groundwater are rapidly vanishing. As aquifers decline and wells begin to go dry, people are being forced to confront a growing crisis.
Much of the planet relies on groundwater. And in places around the world – from the United States to Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America – so much water is pumped from the ground that aquifers are being rapidly depleted and wells are going dry.
Groundwater is disappearing beneath cornfields in Kansas, rice paddies in India, asparagus farms in Peru and orange groves in Morocco. As these critical water reserves are pumped beyond their limits, the threats are mounting for people who depend on aquifers to supply agriculture, sustain economies and provide drinking water. In some areas, fields have already turned to dust and farmers are struggling.
Climate change is projected to increase the stresses on water supplies, and heated disputes are erupting in places where those with deep wells can keep pumping and leave others with dry wells. Even as satellite measurements have revealed the problem’s severity on a global scale, many regions have failed to adequately address the problem. Aquifers largely remain unmanaged and unregulated, and water that seeped underground over tens of thousands of years is being gradually used up.
In this documentary, USA TODAY and The Desert Sun investigate the consequences of this emerging crisis in several of the world’s hotspots of groundwater depletion. These are stories about people on four continents confronting questions of how to safeguard their aquifers for the future – and in some cases, how to cope as the water runs out.
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Just the FAQs: When news breaks, we break it down for you ➤ http://bit.ly/2Dw3Wnh
The Wall: An in-depth examination of Donald Trump’s border wall ➤ http://bit.ly/2sksl8F
Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when an organism changes sex at some point in its life. It’s seen in a few species of gastropods and plants, but mostly fish, like napoleon wrasse, clownfish, groupers and marine angelfish. This transformation involves the complete restructuring of their gonads, as well as changes in their morphology and behaviour. For these fish, sex change is a usual part in their life cycle, and it’s one that carries adaptive advantages.
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All images and videos used herein are 1) in the public domain, 2) used under a Creative Commons license, 3) used with a license, or 4) used under the parameters of Fair Use law.
References:
Avise JC & Mank JE. Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes. Sex Dev 2009;3:152–163.
Berglund A. Sequential hermaphroditism and the size-advantage hypothesis: an experimental test. Anim Behav 1990;30:426–433.
Todd EV, et al. Bending genders: the biology of natural sex change in fish. Sex Dev 2016;10:223–241.
Casas L, et al. Sex change in clownfish: molecular insights from transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2016;6:35461.
Goikoetxea A, et al. Stress and sex: does cortisol mediate sex change in fish? Reproduction 2017;154:R149–R160.
Kazancioğlu E & Alonzo SH. Costs of changing sex do not explain why sequential hermaphroditism is rare. Am Nat 2009;173:327–336.
Waples RS, et al. Consequences of sex change for effective population size. Proc Biol Sci 2018;285:20181702.
Muñoz RC & Warner RR. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. Am Nat 2003;161:749–761.
Credits:
ふうけ. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Kobudai150
prilfish. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....silkebaron/232002459
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Orange_sku
Sasuke Tsujita. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD2-ZZsWBYs&ab_channel=SasukeTsujita
フリッパーダイブセンター 群馬県伊勢崎市のダイビングショップ FLIPPER dive center. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YLywPkUjM&ab_channel=%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%9C%8C%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97FLIPPERdivecenter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sr7rPhfWCc&ab_channel=SCUBADIVINGPRO-SHOPMAHI-MAHI
Rickard Zerpe. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_clo
Carl Malamud. https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Yellow_Gob
Rickard Zerpe.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/....krokodiver/238064296
alif_abdulrahman. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....alif_abdulrahman/188
aquarist.me. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....aquarist/7075443335/
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3020
Christian Gloor. https://www.flickr.com/photos/....christian_gloor/3150
#sexchangingfish #sexchange #naturalselection #hermaphroditism #sequentialhermaphroditism #hermaphrodite #biology #evolutionarybiology #zoology #clownfish #kobudai #asiansheepshead
The Ka Institute reads, "Freedom! The Untold Story of Benkos Bioho and the World's First Maroons: A True Story."
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https://www.amazon.com/Freedom....-Untold-Benkos-World
https://www.authorhouse.com/en..../bookstore/bookdetai
Every day, thousands of Ethiopians set off on foot on a desperate 2,000-kilometre trek in the hope of reaching Saudi Arabia. Their route takes them across the Djibouti desert, the Red Sea and Yemen, a country ravaged by civil war. Every year, hundreds die of exhaustion in the desert or drown while crossing the Gulf of Aden. Those who make it to Yemen, often having starved for days on end, are easy prey for the local mafia who kidnap them for ransom. Our reporters followed these migrants on their journey and documented, with exclusive footage, the extent of human trafficking.
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