Farming the Desert - How To Turn The Desert Green

For once there is some good news from Africa. Farmers are reclaiming the desert, turning the barren wastelands of the Sahel region on the Sahara’s southern edge into green, productive farmland.

Satellite images taken this year and 20 years ago show that the desert is in retreat thanks to a resurgence of trees. They are mainly ana trees (Faidherbia albida), a type of acacia. Wherever the trees grow, farming can resume.

Tree planting has led to the re-greening of as much as 3 million hectares of land in Niger, enabling some 250,000 hectares to be farmed again. The land became barren in the 1970s and early 1980s through poor management and felling of trees for firewood, but since the mid-1980s farmers in parts of Niger have been protecting them instead of chopping them down.

The results have been staggering, says Chris Reij of the Free University Amsterdam in the Netherlands, who presented the results at the From Desert to Oasis symposium in Niamey, Niger, last month. In areas where 20 years ago there was barely a tree, there are now between 50 and 100 per hectare. The change is particularly striking in the previously barren Zinder region to the south.

“Where 20 years ago there was barely a tree, there are now 50 to 100 per hectare. Production of cereals has soared”
Trees create a virtuous circle of benefits. Leaves and fruits provide food, fodder and organic matter to fortify the soil. More livestock means more manure, which further enriches the soil enabling crops to be grown, and spreads tree seeds so new trees grow. The trees also provide shelter for crops and help prevent soil erosion. In times of drought, firewood can be sold and food purchased to tide families over.

Coupled with simple measures such as ditches and holes to catch scarce rainwater and save it for irrigation, the programmes are helping communities in Niger re-establish control over their fate, simultaneously halting the march of the desert and helping to prevent famines like the one that hit Niger in July 2005.

“The spiral of degradation has been reversed,” says Reij. “Since the middle of the 1980s, at least 250,000 hectares of strongly degraded land have been rehabilitated.” Production of cereals such as millet and sorghum have soared by between 20 and 85 per cent since 1984 as a result, Reij says, and vegetable production has quadrupled.

Growing desertification caused by climate change is eating into agricultural land across the world, threatening the communities depending on crops to survive. In Mali, an initiative is trying to turn deserts green again.

The “Great Green Wall” Didn’t Stop Desertification, but it Evolved Into Something That Might

The Sahel spans 3,360 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, a belt stretching across the southern edge of the Sahara. Rainfall is low, from four to 24 inches per year, and droughts are frequent. Climate change means greater extremes of rainfall as the population skyrockets in the region, one of the poorest in the world. Food security is an urgent concern. By 2050, the population could leap to 340 million, up from 30 million in 1950 and 135 million today.

Reij, now based in Amsterdam, began working in the Sahel when the soil literally was blowing away during dust storms. After years away, Reij returned to Niger and Burkina Faso in the summer of 2004. He was stunned by what he saw, green where there had been nothing but tan, denuded land. He quickly secured funding for the first of several studies looking at farming in villages throughout Burkina Faso and Niger.

For help, he called on another veteran of Africa, Gray Tappan, a geographer with the U.S. Geological Survey's West Africa Land Use and Land Cover Trends Project. Flying over villages and then driving from one to the other, Tappan says they were “charmed” by what they saw. On the ground, they couldn’t see villages from a distance because there was too much vegetation.

Over two years traveling through Burkina Faso and Niger, they uncovered a remarkable metamorphosis. Hundreds of thousands of farmers had embraced ingenious modifications of traditional agriculture practices, transforming large swaths into productive land, improving food and fuel production for about 3 million people.

"This regreening went on under our radar, everyone's radar, because we weren't using detailed enough satellite imagery. We were looking at general land use patterns, but we couldn't see the trees," Tappan says. "When we began to do aerial photography and field surveys, then we realized, boy, there is something very, very special going on here. These landscapes are really being transformed."

Yacouba Sawadogo, the African farmer who stopped the desert

Reforestation and soil conservation. This is how Yacouba Sawadogo, a simple farmer, and his family solved the desertification crisis in his village.

Threats to the forest haven’t stopped hope

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In Ethiopia, small-scale farmers face an intensification of extreme weather events under climate change as rainfall becomes more erratic and temperatures rise. This video shows how researchers supported by the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa program contributed to the identification and implementation of farming techniques that improve yields and protect food security under these conditions.

Produced by A24 Media, this is part of a series of six videos on research supported by CCAA.

The Climate Change Adaptation in Africa research and capacity development program (2006-2012) was a joint initiative of Canada's International Development Research Centre and the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID).

Écoutez la vidéo en français : http://youtu.be/W6s8eWWirdU

The Black People of Ecuador - Diaspora in South America.
In Esmeraldas Ecuador beach. In this video, I visit Esmeraldas Ecuador, where there is a thriving afro Ecuadorian community join me as I hit the streets to learn about the afro Community that's part of the African diaspora.

Esmeraldas is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Esmeralda's Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province. It has an international seaport and a small airport. Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador, and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Esmeraldas River. -Wiki

This is a Travel Channel about Finance Travel Budgeting around the world and today we are in Ecuador. Subscribe today so you don't miss more Travel guide info, thank you and I will see you in the next video.

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ORFC Global 2021 Session

West African Farmer Testimonies: How We Are Overcoming the Crisis of Climate Change in the Sahel Through Natural Regeneration of Trees on Our Farms

Small-scale farmers in the 16 countries of the Sahel in West Africa face a dual crisis to their livelihoods: climate change and land degradation. 

For many generations, farmers had lived and farmed in equilibrium with the natural environment. They maintained soil fertility, water holding capacity and crop production through fallowing and other practices. 

Today, population pressure, climate change, soil erosion, misuse of agrochemicals have reduced the resiliency and sustainability of the farming system. Farm communities have become highly vulnerable to drought. Hunger and chronic malnutrition have increased. 

This session highlights the testimonies of farmers, men and women, from 4 countries in the Sahel in overcoming these problems. They represent a wider movement adapting the principles of “agroecology” (learning how to work with nature). This grassroots, farmer-led movement has achieved remarkable success in transforming landscapes, adapting to climate change, regenerating their soils, and improving their food security. 

Their inspiring testimonies show how human determination, innovation, and collective action have brought hope to one of the most ecologically fragile, crisis prone areas in Africa.

Speakers:
Tsuamba Bourgou
Fatou Batta
Dan Banuoku

Chair:
Peter Gubbels

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In honour of Black History Month 2021, relive the magic of Baaba Maal’s historic February 2020 residency at the Museum. Watch this video to experience highlights from the Senegalese music legend’s Duniya Salaam concerts, a celebration of diversity and world peace.

Performing on two consecutive nights in the Museum's Auditorium, Maal shared soaring melodies, rhythms, and stories that have made him one of the world’s most renowned musicians. The Senegalese singer, guitarist, and percussionist's performances both centred around the theme of Duniya Salaam, which translates to "world peace."

Maal’s shows were part of an Artist Residency at the Museum that also saw him leading youth workshops and take part in a public discussion about music’s role in uniting cultures.
 
Baaba’s Maal Duniya Salaam is presented in collaboration with the Embassy of the Republic of Senegal in Canada.

Bringing online Museum experiences to you is part of our mission to connect cultures and promote understanding between peoples. To learn more about how you can support the Museum by making a donation or becoming a Friend or Patron, please visit: https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/support

Court of Appeal dismisses application of Assin North and Jomoro MPs - AM Show on JoyNews (27-7-21)

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Fidel Castro por Carlos Moore.
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Carlos Moore (Nascido Charles Moore Wedderburn em Cuba, em 1942), é um escritor, pesquisador e cientista social dedicado ao registro da história e da cultura negra.
É conhecido internacionalmente pela luta contra o racismo, pelo panafricanismo e por ter escrito a biografia autorizada do cantor, saxofonista e ativista nigeriano Fela Kuti:"Fela, Esta vida Puta"

Biografia
Sua família era formada por pessoas de diversas ilhas das Antilhas: o pai biológico era de Trinidad e os pais dele, seus avós, eram de Barbados; o pai que o adotou era jamaicano e a mãe era natural de ilhas da região.
Ele viveu em Cuba até os 15 anos e mudou-se para Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, em 1958. Lá conheceu Maya Angelou, com quem aprendeu muito sobre justiça racial e o pensamento intelectual negro. Retornou a Cuba em seguida juntando-se ao movimento revolucionário liderado por Fidel Castro. Ele concordava com os princípios revolucionários, mas discordava das autoridades sobre a discriminação racial persistente em Cuba.
Depois de ser preso algumas vezes, deixa a ilha em 1963, rumo à França. Lá ele conhece outros ativistas negros como o senegalês Alioune Diop e o filósofo poeta da Martinica Aimé Césaire e passa a trabalhar como jornalista na Agence France-Presse. Na França, inicia sua vida acadêmica e trabalha também como jornalista.
Ao longo de sua carreira como militante, esteve ao lado de Malcolm X, Cheikh Anta Diop, Aimé Césaire, Stokely Carmichael, Lelia Gonzalez, Walterio Carbonell, Abdias Nascimento, Harold Cruse, Alex Haley.
Desde 2000 ele vive no Brasil com a família, aproveitando para escrever suas memórias e conhecer mais da cultura latino-americana.
Vida acadêmica
Sua carreira como acadêmico e pesquisador foi marcada pelo título de Doutor em Etnologia, em 1979, e Doutorado em Ciências Humanas, em 1983, ambos pela Universidade de Paris-7.
Entre 1984 e 2000 foi Professor Visitante na Universidade Internacional da Flórida (EUA), Universidade do Caribe (Trinidad-Tobago), e Universidade do Caribe Francês (Martinica e Guadalupe).

Obras
Marxismo e a questão racial: Karl Marx e Friederich Engels frente ao racismo e à escravidão. Belo Horizonte: Nandyala Editora, 2010.
• Pichón: Race and Revolution in Castro´s Cuba, Chicago : Lawrence Hill Books, 2008.
• A África que Incomoda: sobre a problematização do legado africano no quotidiano brasileiro, Belo Horizonte: Nandyala Editora, 2008.
• Racismo e Sociedade: Novas bases epistemológicas para entender o racismo, Belo Horizonte: Mazza Edições, 2007.
• African Presence in the Americas, Trenton, NJ : Africa World Press, 1995;
• Castro, the Blacks, and Africa, Los Angeles : CAAS/UCLA, 1989.
• Were Marx and Engels Racists? - The prolet-Aryan outlook of Marx and Engels, Chicago : IPE, 1972.

⁣CURSO COM O PROF. DR. CARLOS MOORE - “O MARXISMO E A QUESTÃO RACIAL”