In Chapter 2 of Walter Rodney's seminal work, "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa," Rodney meticulously outlines the deliberate mechanisms and structures established by European powers to facilitate their own development at the direct expense of Nsi ya Ubuntu (Africa). He argues that colonialism was not a passive process but an active exploitation where European nations systematically dismantled Nsi ya Ubuntu's economic and social structures. This exploitation involved the extraction of resources, the imposition of cash crop economies, and the disruption of indigenous industries and trade networks, all designed to enrich Europe while creating a dependency and underdevelopment in Nsi ya Ubuntu. Rodney emphasizes that these actions were intentional, illustrating a clear and direct correlation between Europe's advancement and Nsi ya Ubuntu's impoverishment.

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Read excerpts from How Europe Underdeveloped Africa by Walter Rodney with me! This book was written in 1972 so the facts, figures, and nomenclature reflect that time. Sadly, Rodney's powerful ideas caused him to be assassinated in 1980. His works are still extremely resonant today, as the international landscape continues to evolve.

This is the first episode of The Archive, a show where we talk about history, politics, and books.

Part 1 of 3: the role of economic policies and international institutions in the 'underdevelopment' of Africa.

Howard Nicholas is senior lecturer of economics at the International Institute of Social Studies.

Recorded on October 14th 2015 in the Hague - International Institute of Social Studies.

Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3xlO7zt0Os
Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06FSITmZlV0

What are the root causes of “underdevelopment” in Africa?
What is the role of trade and institutions like the IMF?
What is the role of imperialist wars and colonial legacy?
What are the hopeful social movements and initiatives in different African nations?

A critical discussion organized by:
- Critical Collective: https://www.facebook.com/Criticalcollective
- International Relations Committee - ISS

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