"The conventional notion that Africans failed to employ the wheel because of lack of initiative or intelligence is intellectually unsatisfactory, not so much because it is racialist as because it is circular: Africans are supposed to have ignored the wheel because they were unenterprising, and the evidence that they were unenterprising is that they failed to adopt the wheel."
---Robin Law, “Wheeled Transport in Pre-Colonial West Africa,” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 50, no. 3 (1980), p. 257

0:00 Introduction
1:34 What's so special about wheels, anyway?
6:02 Why didn't Europe adopt the camel?
8:02 Trypanosomiasis and the tsetse
9:32 Arid areas of East and Southern Africa without the tsetse
10:30 Appeal to Africa specialists
11:08 Cigarettes and pennies

FOOTNOTES

[1] K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 110

[2] W. T. Jackman, The Development of Transportation in Modern England, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1916), vol. 1, p. 22
Edward Whiting Fox, History in Geographic Perspective: The Other France (New York: Norton, 1971), p. 34
William H. McNeill, “The Eccentricity of Wheels, or Eurasian Transportation in Historical Perspective,” American Historical Review, 92, no. 5 (December 1987), pp. 1111-13
For a somewhat contrasting view (that still shows water transport to be cheaper than land), see James Masschaele, “Transport Costs in Medieval England,” in The Economic History Review, 46, no. 2 (May 1993), pp. 266-79

[3] Jackman, The Development of Transportation in Modern England, pp. 8-9

[4] Jackman, The Development of Transportation in Modern England, p. 5
McNeill, “The Eccentricity of Wheels,” p. 1111

[5] McNeill, “The Eccentricity of Wheels,” pp. 1123-25
Yi-Rong Ann Hsu, Clifton W. Pannell, and James O. Wheeler, “The Development and Structure of Transportation Networks in Taiwan: 1600–1972,” in China’s Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan, ed. Ronald G. Knapp (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1980), p. 165
Heather Sutherland, “Geography as Destiny? The Role of Water in Southeast Asian History,” in A World of Water: Rain, Rivers and Seas in Southeast Asian Histories, ed. Peter Boomgaard, Verhandelingen van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 240 (Leiden: KITLV Press, 2007), pp. 27–70
For an overview of maritime trade in this region, see Ng Chin-keong, Boundaries and Beyond: China's Maritime Southeast in Late Imperial Times (Singapore: NUS Press, 2017), chapter 1.

[6] Richard W. Bulliet, The Camel and the Wheel (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975), pp. 22-25
A. G. Hopkins, An Economic History of West Africa (New York: Columbia University Press, 1973), p. 72

[7] Hopkins, An Economic History of West Africa, pp. 71-75
Robin Law, “Wheeled Transport in Pre-Colonial West Africa,” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 50, no. 3 (1980), pp. 257-58

[8] T. A. M. Nash, Africa’s Bane: The Tsetse Fly (London: Collins, 1969)
Hopkins, An Economic History of West Africa, pp. 71-75
Ralph A. Austen and Daniel Headrick, “The Role of Technology in the African Past,” African Studies Review, 26, no. 3/4 (September 1983), pp. 170-171
Marcella Alsan, “The Effect of the TseTse Fly on African Development,” American Economic Review, 105, no. 1 (January 2015), pp. 382–410 (passim)
See also Law, “Wheeled Transport in Pre-Colonial West Africa,” p. 253

[9] Paul Starkey, “A World-Wide View of Animal Traction Highlighting Some Key Issues in Eastern and Southern Africa,” in Improving Animal Traction Technology: Proceedings of the First Workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) (Wageningen, The Netherlands: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), 1994), p. 74


THUMBNAIL CREDITS
Composite satellite image of Africa by NASA, public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Africa_(sa

Earth Building Architecture In Africa

https://fromnothing.info/marketPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/FromNothingFollow me or support my content here: https://linktr.ee/fromnothingSource #71

FREE DOWNLOAD • THE AFRIKAN WORLD: WAR REPORT: https://kimbungamedia.com/warreport/

SUPPORT GOTKUSHTV: https://www.patreon.com/kimbungamedia

Join WhatsApp: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0....029VaXt3adHwXb8Yt44J

Join Telegram: https://t.me/kimbungamedia

THE BLACK SECRET
Join the finest Black History Course Online Learn the true histories of Africa's Great Civilisations With world renowned historian Robin Walker  - author of When We Ruled

100 Black History Facts - Free E-Book Share Link
https://www.theblacksecret.co.....uk/a/2147626266/yKro

The Black Secret - Website Share Link
https://www.theblacksecret.co.....uk/a/2147508849/yKro

• SUBSCRIBE • LIKE • COMMENT • SHARE

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Greetings & Welcome to Kimbunga Media - Your Premiere Universal Afrikan Nationalist Media Institution ⁣⁣⁣ ⁣
⁣
Find Kimbunga Medai on:⁣

► Instagram: http://instagram.com/kimbungamedia
► https://www.facebook.com/kimbungamedia
► Twitter: https://twitter.com/kimbungamedia
► SignUp for Newsletter⁣: https://kimbungamedia.com

In the early 1900s, Germany carried out one of the first genocides of the 20th century, wiping out over 80% of the Herero and Nama people in Namibia. This brutal campaign, fueled by colonial ambitions, involved mass killings, forced labor, and starvation. This documentary uncovers the horrors of this forgotten atrocity and its lasting impact on Namibia’s history.

This video is for documentary and educational purposes. No images and footage shown are intended to shock the viewer. Everything is displayed in context and censored as much as possible without sacrificing the need to tell a compelling story with the actual footage.


If you love our work, consider supporting the channel via Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/bisimedia

Become a Channel Member to get access to perks:
https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UC9hKpjMxWev7U81xL

Naira Account No:
7810120458, Wema Bank

Buy Kema a Coffee:
www.buymeacoffee.com/kema

*****
Video Sources:
Germany’s Black H0l0c@ust 1890-1945 by Carr Firpo

The Kaiser’s H0l0c@ust by Casper Erichsen and David Olusoga

*****
Clips and Image credits:
Getty Images: https://www.youtube.com/c/gettyimages
AI Images: Midjourney AI
AP Archive: https://www.youtube.com/c/APArchive
Maps: https://www.freevectorflags.com
www.vemaps.com
https://davidrumsey.com

Free Piks: https://www.freepik.com
Adeyinka Makinde: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCKARV7TfiudYewrT1

The Mic I Use: https://amzn.to/3EvGYKD

Music used: Music Used: https://share.epidemicsound.com/b3whp2



#bisi #namibia

****
All materials in this video are used for educational purposes and fall within the fair use guidelines. No copyright infringement is intended.

AFFILIATE DISCLOSURE: There may be a few links in this description that, at no cost to you, will earn me a commission if you click them and purchase. Don’t worry, we only ever promote things that have genuinely helped us.

Copyright © Bisi Media 2024

To support our course Buy us a coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/a....fricanbuzzzanele05@y +254772408133LINK TO BUY A FULANI HAT ONLINE https://elegantmaasai.com/prod....uct/fulani-hat-sahel

Thank you all for for watching!

How all stories came to belong to Ananse

⁣5 Sept 2024
Former Mayor of the Midvaal Municipality Bongani Baloyi has announced that he is joining the MK Party and deregistering his Xiluva party.

Baloyi made the announcement in Soweto, on Thursday.

The move follows a poor showing by the Xiluva party in the May elections.

Baloyi who has moved from the DA to ActionSA before forming Xiluva, follows EFF Deputy President Floyd Shivambo and SARA's Colleen Makhubele to the country's third largest party.

The Former Xiluva Party Leader, Bongani Baloyi joins us this afternoon.

For more news, visit sabcnews.com and #sabcnews on all Social Media platforms.


People mentioned2 people



Jacob ZumaPresident of South Africa from 2009 to 2018




Herman MashabaSouth African politician



Transcript
Follow along using the transcript.

White South African political elites try to distract from their visa-free deal for European migrants by attempting to revive the old Chidimma Adetshina case from months ago in order to distract the attention of their xenophobic constituents

S U P P O R T
Cash App - $NelsonAmadeus
PayPal- GlobalHitsWorld@gmail.com
EMAIL - KingNeferkare@gmail.com
Twitter @NTDessalines
Instagram @NelsonAmadeus
TURN ON POST NOTIFICATIONS.

Sechaba · Sarafina
cellebration of songs and dance