Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.

Transcript of closed captions:

0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!

0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.

0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.

0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.

1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.

1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.

1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.

1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way


1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!

1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.


1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.

2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.

2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).

2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.

This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/edu....cators/travel-deep-i
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The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.

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▶▶ SUPPORT IDEAS FOR UGANDA - https://ideasforus.org/uganda


It is estimated that by 2030 nearly 50% of the world's population may live in urban areas. Consequently, many millions of acres of productive farmland are expected to be lost to housing and industrial usage. In Uganda, the lack of appropriate farmland, low incomes, unemployment, and natural disasters have resulted in very poor food security. This makes the country’s chances of halving poverty and hunger by 2030 very slim. Uganda and other African countries need to increase agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner through innovative approaches, particularly in dense urban areas.

On top of this, Kampala is facing a major issue with urban waste management, where nearly 28,000 tons of waste are delivered to city landfills each month. However, according to the Kampala Capital City Authority, this represents only 40% of the waste generated in the city. The rest ends up in unauthorized sites. Often on city streets and in dense urban areas, causing significant environmental and human health problems.

So in 2014, a group of students at the Makerere University chapter of IDEAS For Uganda, led by Mr. Paul Matovu, developed an innovative approach to urban micro-gardening and integrated waste management in Kampala, a social enterprise called “Vertical Micro-Gardening” (VMG), the first of its kind in Uganda.

In this Our Changing Climate environmental video essay, I look at the history of Cuban sustainable agriculture and farming. Specifically, I look at why sustainable and organic methods, such as urban farms and market gardens, proliferated in Cuban farming, and what that might mean for farmers markets and local food systems in countries like the United States. Some of the principles of Cuban agriculture could be used to build a system in opposition to our current industrial food and factory farm system.

Help me make more videos like this via Patreon: http://bit.ly/2iz4lIV
Twitter: https://twitter.com/OurClimateNow
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/occvideos/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/occ.climate/
Email: occ.climate@gmail.com
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Resources:
1. Bill McKibben's "The Cuba Diet": http://billtotten.blogspot.com..../2005/04/cuba-diet.h
2. Eat Local: Cuba's Urban Gardens Raise Food on Zero Emissions: https://insideclimatenews.org/....news/20090127/eat-lo
3. Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture
Revolution: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.e....du/xmlui/bitstream/h
4. Cuba's Green Revolution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyLU9CP7iRE
5. What Cuba can teach America about organic farming: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MsnXTMC1-E
6. The Paradox of Cuban Agriculture: https://monthlyreview.org/2012..../01/01/the-paradox-o
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Music:
I Don't See the Branches I See the Leaves by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Rewound by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Another Version of You by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

#farming #climatechange #ourchangingclimate

I use Artlist.io for all my music. You can get 2 months free of Artlist.io with this link: https://artlist.io/Charlie-278823

In this video brought to you by the Local Motives YouTube channel, we explore how a small community urban farm in Red Hook, Brooklyn produces over 150 tons of compost every year with just hand tools. Through the help of over 2000 volunteers, the Red Hook Community Urban Farm diverts over 300,000 lbs (pounds) of food scraps, food waste, and yard waste from the landfill. This NYC urban farm uses large piles of food waste to create compost. The NYC urban farm not only educates volunteers on how to compost and grow their own food in an urban agriculture environment, but they also put them to work turning compost piles to create the perfect soil for growing organic vegetables and produce. This is an excellent example of how small farms, collective work, and a good idea can make a big impact on climate change.

Subscribe to Local Motives: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCLTofw9H3F8-MRsIj
Local Motives Instagram: http://instagram.com/localmotives.series
Local Motives Website: https://www.localmotives.us
Local Motives Series original score composed and produced by William Lindsay.

Volunteer at Red Hook Community Farm’s Compost Operation: https://rhicenter.org/red-hook-farms/the-farms/

Help me make more videos like this via Patreon: http://bit.ly/2iz4lIV
Email List: https://www.subscribepage.com/ourchangingclimate
Twitter: https://twitter.com/OurClimateNow
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/occvideos/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/occ.climate/

I use Epidemic Sound for some of my music: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

For the rest of my music, I use Artlist.io. You can get 2 months free of Artlist.io with this link: https://artlist.io/Charlie-278823
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#Compost #UrbanFarm #FoodWaste