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For over a million years, every human on Earth was dark-skinned — and the reason will completely rewire how you think about the human body.

If you shaved a chimpanzee, the skin underneath would be pale pink. So why is human skin bare, exposed, and — for 99% of our species' history — uniformly dark?

The answer isn't really about color at all. It's about fur, sweat, endurance running, and a single evolutionary "design package" that built the body you're using right now.

In this video, we trace how losing our fur forced our ancestors to evolve a biological sunscreen on the African equator — and why dark skin, not pale skin, is the true human default.

Dans cette vidéo :
• Why every great ape has pale skin under its fur — but humans don't
• How losing body hair turned us into the planet's best endurance machine
• The brutal biology of UVB, folate, and why pale skin near the equator was a death sentence
• How melanin became the keystone holding the entire human body together
• Why light skin is a recent "edit" that only appeared after we left Africa

📚 Sources :
— Skin pigmentation and UV radiation correlation (Jablonski & Chaplin, Journal of Human Evolution) :
— Evolution of fur loss and parasite avoidance (Pagel & Bodmer, Proceedings of the Royal Society B) :
— Endurance running and human evolution (Lieberman & Bramble) :
— Persistence hunting among the San (Liebenberg) :
— MC1R gene and the fixation of dark skin in the human lineage :

If stories like this make you see your own body differently, subscribe — we turn deep science into the story of who we really are.

#humanevolution #anthropology #darkskin #evolution #science #melanin #outofafrica

Music students download the technique of their favorite pianist or singer directly into their brains. Medical students download the skills of a seasoned surgeon or diagnostician. And each one of us routinely uploads our thoughts and memories to the digital cloud. While these scenarios still lie in the future, rudimentary versions of the necessary brain-to-brain technology exist today. But the ability to directly influence another person’s brain raises serious questions about human rights and individual freedoms. This program will present the latest technology and explore how the ethical implications of enhanced thinking go to the heart of consciousness itself.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

Our media partner for this program is Popular Science.

Footage of the brain-to-brain interface experiment provided by the University of Washington. For more information on the research:http://www.washington.edu/news..../2014/11/05/uw-study

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MODERATOR: John Donvan
PARTICIPANTS: Joseph Fins, Miguel Nicolelis, Chantel Prat, Andrea Stocco, Seung-Schik Yoo
Original Program Date: June 4, 2016

The Dawn of Brain-to-Brain Communication 00:00

John Donvan's Introduction to Brain to Brain communication. 2:22

Participant Introductions. 4:10

What to keep in mind when thinking about brain to brain communication. 6:22

How does one get into the mind business? 8:15

Aurora the monkey plays a game with just her brain.11:05

Transitioning to human brain to brain research. 18:41

Connecting the brains of two rats. 22:27

The tangled ball of neurons in our head is "us" 29:40

The puppet master describes linking two humans through their brains. 32:33

Using focused ultrasound to connect two human brains. 42:19

What are the contemplative factors in brain to brain communication? 49:50

If you can get two animals to communicate can you link 100? 54:09

The worry of people controlling your brain. 59:48

The risk of sharing thoughts from one brain to another. 1:02:54

How long until we can just download knowledge to our brains? 1:07:40

Giving credit to Arthur Clarke. 1:09:28

Is there any fear of brain damage from this technology? 1:10:20

Is it crazy to think we will all have chips in our brains? 1:13:01

What are the goals of brain to brain communication in the next 5 years? 1:17:33

In this installment of 'Negro,' Dash speaks with African-American AfroPuerto Rican ethnographer, Wit Lopez on their painful childhood, having to prove 'Latinidad' to other Latinos and finding identity through the Afrodescended town of Loiza in Puerto Rico. History of Loiza is discussed, as well as cimarrones (maroons)--self-emancipated Africans, African spirituality and African and Indigenous descended identity through time and space.

Brief history of Loiza 5:06-7:59

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Website: http://negrodoc.com

Watch this video as Firstpost examines the growing U.S. security footprint in Nigeria and asks whether Donald Trump’s campaign over Christian persecution is becoming connected to a much larger strategic interest: oil. American-made Aerosonde drones supplied by Textron Systems are now being deployed by Nigerian security company Tantita to monitor pipelines and offshore energy assets in the Niger Delta. The development comes as Nigeria’s crude production reaches its highest level in six years. For years, U.S. military cooperation with Nigeria focused largely on fighting Boko Haram and Islamic State militants. But Washington’s pressure over religious freedom, counterterrorism operations, military training and new surveillance technology is now intersecting with Nigeria’s critical energy infrastructure. Does this prove that oil was behind America’s religious freedom campaign? No. But the growing overlap raises a bigger geopolitical question about Washington’s interests in Africa’s largest oil producer. Alyson Le Grange tells you more on Firstpost Africa.

0:00 – From Counterterrorism to Crude Oil Surveillance
00:24 – Nigeria’s Drone Deal with U.S. Defense Titan Textron
01:06 – Nigeria’s Oil Production Hits a 6-Year High
01:38 – U.S. Military Training Nigerian Special Forces
02:15 – The Shift: Religious Freedom as a Political Lever
03:09 – Inside the U.S. Defense Ecosystem: The Textron Connection
04:00 – Washington’s Global Playbook: Venezuela, Canada, and Greenland
05:13 – The Intersection of Moral Pressure and Economic Interests
06:03 – Why Nigeria is Strategic: Africa’s Oil Giant
07:04 – Nelson Mandela on Sovereignty and Defining Allies

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Nigeria Oil | US Nigeria Relations | Donald Trump | Christian Persecution | Niger Delta | Aerosonde Drones | Textron Systems | Tantita Security | Nigerian Oil Production | US Africa Policy | Nigeria Crude Oil | Oil Security | Military Cooperation | Energy Infrastructure | Geopolitics | Africa News | Counterterrorism | Religious Freedom | US Strategic Interests | Firstpost Africa | Geopolitics | Military Coup | Environment | Climate Change | Firstpost | News Live | World News | Latest News | Global News | International News | News | Trending News

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